Islam and Muslim Contact Unit Free Essays

The term â€Å"Islamophobia† was first utilized in print in 1991 and was characterized in the Runnymede Trust Report as â€Å"unfounded threatening vibe towards Islam, and in this manner dread or aversion of all or most Muslims. † The word has been instituted on the grounds that there is another reality which needs naming †hostile to Muslim partiality has developed so impressively thus quickly as of late that another thing in the jargon is required with the goal that it tends to be distinguished and acted against. (Sajid 2005) The term â€Å"Islamophobia† was instituted by method of similarity to â€Å"xenophobia†, which is an abhorrence or dread of individuals from different nations or of that which is seen to be remote or bizarre. We will compose a custom exposition test on Islam and Muslim Contact Unit or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now A few definitions recommend xenophobia as emerging from silliness or delirium; this can likewise be said for islamophobia. Islamophobia can be described by the conviction that all or most Muslims are strict aficionados, have savage propensities towards non-Muslims, and reject ideas, for example, balance, resistance, and majority rule government. It is another type of prejudice where Muslims, an ethno-strict gathering, are built as a race. A lot of negative suppositions are made of the whole gathering to the impairment of individuals from that gathering. During the 1990s numerous sociologists and social exposition author toronto investigators watched a move in supremacist thoughts from ones dependent on skin shading to ones dependent on ideas of social prevalence and otherness. (Sajid 2005) In Britain and other European or Western nations, Manifestations of against muslim threatening vibe has been exemplified in numerous verbal just as physical assaults on Muslims openly places and assaults on mosques and tainting of Muslim burial grounds. Prior to 9/11, in Western nations negative generalizations and comments in discourses by political pioneers, suggesting that Muslims are less dedicated than others to vote based system and the standard of law. There was an ascent in the quantity of detest violations against Muslims in London in 2010, these detest wrongdoings were being empowered by standard lawmakers and areas of the media, an examination composed by a previous Scotland Yard counter-psychological warfare official, distributed January 26, 2010, says that assaults running from death dangers and murder to constant low-level attacks, for example, spitting and ridiculing, are to some extent prepared by radicals and segments of standard society. Lambert headed Scotland Yard’s Muslim contact unit, which improved relations between the police and Britain’s Islamic people group. The investigation specifies no papers or authors by name, yet claims that the book Londonistan, by the Mail essayist Melanie Phillips, had an impact in activating contempt violations. Londonistan is a book about the spread of Islamism in the United Kingdomâ over the previous twenty years. At the point when London was hit by self destruction aircraft in July 2005, the skeleton in the closet was at long last out. Incredible Britain had been the European center point of Islamist fanaticism for over 10 years. Under the noses of British insight, a system of fear based oppressors and their supporters had utilized Britain to plot, fund, enroll and train for abominations in the United States and around the globe. The size of this action was huge to such an extent that exasperated European security offices named Britain’s capital city Londonistan. (Phillips 2006). In Europe and in America also, it tends to be seen in across the board and routine pessimistic generalizing in the media and ordinary talk in manners that would not be worthy if the reference were, for instance, to Jewish or individuals of color. (Dodd 2010) Islamophobia is increased by various logical components. One of these is the way that a high extent of exiles are Muslims. Trashing of displaced people is in this way as often as possible a coded assault on Muslims, for the words â€Å"Muslim,† â€Å"asylum-seeker,† â€Å"refugee,† and â€Å"immigrant† become interchangeable in the famous creative mind. For this situation, the normal encounters of foreigner networks with joblessness, dismissal, distance and viciousness have joined with Islamophobia to make coordination extremely troublesome. This has driven Muslim people group to endure more elevated levels of joblessness, poor lodging, unexpected frailty and more significant levels of racially inspired savagery than different networks. (sajid 2010). For instance, in 2003, when the Home Office created a banner about supposed misleading and untrustworthiness among individuals looking for refuge, it decided to represent its interests by concentrating on somebody with a Muslim name. France has been wracked by strains over its quickly developing Muslim minority. Another case of this would France restricting the wearing of Islamic cloak and other face covers prior this year, asserting they were both corrupting and a security chance. Belgium has passed comparable enactment, and Switzerland restricted the structure of minarets, the tall towers which frequently remain close to mosques. Ghazi 2006) A huge issue that powers the flames in the fight against Islamophobia is the drawing of kid's shows insulting the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. All the more explicitly, this issue started after 12â editorial kid's shows, the greater part of whichâ depictedâ the Islamic prophet Muhammad, were distributed in the Danish newspaper Jyllands- Postenâ on September 30, 2005. These Danish visual artists focused on Muhammad as an approach to assault the Muslims’ opportunity of free discourse and religion. In Muslim social orders offending Muhammad is the gravest all things considered; additionally thought about lewdness and deserving of death. Shockingly, a few occasions that followed these abuse toward Muhammad finished in numerous passings. The Organization of the Islamic Conference has decried requires the passing of the Danish illustrators. The conspicuous disavowal of this solicitation caused assaults on honest people and uproars all over Europe. A few demonstrations included bombarding of Christians at chapel, consuming of holy places, butchering blameless kids and different regular citizens, and one explicit occurrence included slaughtering guiltless train travelers. Indeed, even before the Jyllands-Posten riots, there were a lot of against Muslim acts in Europe. One of which was the Dutch legislator Pim Fortuyn’s death in 2002 for his enemy of Islamic perspectives. He considered Islam a â€Å"backward culture† and needed to stop Muslim movement. After his demise his gathering made its introduction in Parliament with a 17% seat share indicating how well known he was around then. Another case of Europe’s against Muslim perspectives just as the Islam’s’ narrow mindedness for the disparaging of their way of life is the death of Theo van Gogh In 2004. Van Gogh coordinated a short film called Submission which attempted to feature the job of ladies in Islam. While the film came in for a great deal of analysis, van Gogh was killed around the same time over the film. In particular, the dread of Muslims turned out to be progressively pervasive in the United States after the occasions that happened on September 11, 2001. So as to contemplate Muslim Americans’ encircling in the news media after 9/11, it is critical to concentrate on two explicit periods; the initial half year time frame after the assaults and the period after the principal commemoration of September 11. The two time frames are significant on the grounds that the news structure totally changed during these two scenes. In the main quick a half year after 9/11, the media portrayal was extremely positive, far reaching, visit and relevant. Be that as it may, after the principal commemoration of 9/11, the media inclusion changed. It turned out to be negative, cliché and select. By the principal commemoration of September 11, the depiction of Muslim Americans in both print and link news had totally moved from the more continuous, positive, contextual,â thematic, expressive and exhaustive inclusion to an increasingly visit, negative, stereotypical,â episodicâ and elite inclusion. The portion of giving an account of Muslim Americans declined, detest violations soar and the positive open impression of Muslims that was made in the prompt time frame after 9/11 reduced. In the end, this negative view of Muslims showed itself through enemy of Islamic uproars and disdain of Muslim Americans in up and coming years. (Amiri 2012) September 11, 2001, and the days that followed delivered solid sentiments among non-Muslims just as among Muslims in Europe. At the point when individuals feel feeble and disappointed they are inclined to hit out with rough language: â€Å"You don’t have a place here,† or â€Å"Get out of my nation now; England is for white acculturated English individuals! † are instances of the sort of fierce language that was utilized in email messages to the Muslim Council of Britain quickly following the assaults. These messages are critical, for they communicated perspectives and observations that are boundless among non-Muslims and that are repeating parts of Islamophobia. Allen 2002) While over in the western side of the equator, the American government was attempting to guarantee the Americans residents of their security. In the initial scarcely any days following 9/11 there were various news thrown addressing residents, legislators, and government authorities of what precisely went on that day. Yet, what most Americans truly needed to know was whether they can be protected realizing that indi viduals of a similar race and religion as the psychological oppressors were strolling the avenues. Despite the fact that there was dread struck into the hearts of American residents, Americans were too fair to even consider evening consider lashing out on Muslim Americans. That as well as American didn’t think even about their way of life, religion, or race to loathe them to degree that Europeans do. (Schwartz 2010). At the point when it came time to get the purpose of perspectives from the horse’s mouth, Muslim Americans were all the more much of the time shrouded in the news and more frequently met as sources than before the occasions of 9/11. They were allowed to represent themsel

Clovis - Early Hunting Colonizers of North America

Clovis - Early Hunting Colonizers of North America Clovis is the thing that archeologists call the most seasoned across the board archeological complex in North America. Named after the town in New Mexico close to where the principal acknowledged Clovis site Blackwater Draw Locality 1 was found, Clovis is most notable for its amazingly delightful stone shot focuses, discovered everywhere throughout the United States, northern Mexico, and southern Canada. Clovis innovation was not likely the first in the American landmasses: that was the way of life called Pre-Clovis, who showed up before Clovis culture at any rate one thousand years earlierâ and are likely tribal to Clovis. While Clovis locales are found all through North America, the innovation just went on for a short timeframe. The dates of Clovis differ from area to district. In the American west, Clovis destinations extend in age from 13,400-12,800 schedule years back BP [cal BP], and in the east, from 12,800-12,500 cal BP. The soonest Clovis focuses found so far are from the Gault site in Texas, 13,400 cal BP: which means Clovis-style chasing kept going a timeframe no longer than 900 years. There are a few long-standing discussions in Clovis archaic exploration, about the reason and significance of the heinously dazzling stone devices; about whether they were exclusively major game trackers; and about what made Clovis individuals surrender the technique. Clovis Points and Fluting Clovis focuses are lanceolate (leaf-molded) fit as a fiddle, with corresponding to marginally arched sides and sunken bases. The edges of the hafting end of the fact of the matter are generally ground dull, prone to forestall the rope haft lashings from being cut. They shift a considerable amount in size and structure: eastern focuses have more extensive cutting edges and tips and more profound basal concavities than do focuses from the west. Be that as it may, their most distinctive trademark is fluting. On one or the two faces, the flintknapper completed the point by evacuating a solitary drop or woodwind making a shallow divot reaching out up from the base of the point normally around 1/3 of the length towards the tip. The fluting makes an evidently delightful point, particularly when performed on a smooth and sparkly surface, however it is additionally a strikingly exorbitant completing advance. Test archaic exploration has discovered that it takes an accomplished flintknapper thirty minutes or better to make a Clovis point, and between 10-20% of them are broken when the flute is endeavored. Archeologists have thought about the reasons Clovis trackers may have had for making such wonders since their first disclosure. During the 1920s, researchers originally recommended that the long channels upgraded bloodlettingbut since the flutes are to a great extent secured by the hafting component that is not likely. Different thoughts have likewise gone back and forth: late trials by Thomas and partners (2017) recommend that the diminished base may have been a safeguard, retaining physical pressure and forestalling cataclysmic disappointments while being utilized. Intriguing Materials Clovis focuses are likewise regularly produced using excellent materials, explicitly profoundly siliceous crypto-crystalline cherts, obsidians, and chalcedonies or quartzes and quartzites. The good ways from where they have been found disposed of to where the crude material for the focuses came is in some cases several kilometers away. There are other stone devices on Clovis destinations yet they are less inclined to have been made of the fascinating material. Having been conveyed or exchanged across such significant distances and being a piece of an expensive assembling process persuades that there was in all likelihood some representative importance to the utilization of such these focuses. Regardless of whether it was a social, political or strict significance, a chasing enchantment, we will never know. What Were They Used For? What present day archeologists can do is search for signs of how such focuses were utilized. There is no uncertainty that a portion of these focuses were for chasing: the point tips frequently show sway scars, which likely came about because of pushing or tossing against a hard surface (creature bone). In any case, microwear examination has likewise indicated that some were utilized multifunctionally, as butchery blades. Prehistorian W. Carl Hutchings (2015) directed tests and contrasted sway breaks with those found in the archeological record. He noticed that probably a portion of the fluted focuses have cracks that needed to have been made by high-speed activities: that is, they were likely terminated utilizing lance hurlers (atlatls). Major Game Hunters? Since the principal unequivocal revelation of Clovis focuses in direct relationship with a wiped out elephant, researchers have expected that Clovis individuals were major game trackers, and the most punctual (and likely last) individuals in the Americas to depend on megafauna (huge bodied warm blooded animals) as prey. Clovis culture was, for a little while, accused for the late Pleistocene megafaunal terminations, an allegation that no longer can be leveled. In spite of the fact that there is proof as single and various slaughter destinations where Clovis trackers executed and butchered huge bodied creatures, for example, mammoth and mastodon, horse, camelops, and gomphothere, there is developing proof that despite the fact that Clovis were essentially trackers, they didnt depend exclusively on or even to a great extent on megafauna. Single-occasion executes basically dont mirror the assorted variety of nourishments that would have been utilized. Utilizing thorough investigative strategies, Grayson and Meltzer could just discover 15 Clovis locales in North America with undeniable proof for human predation on megafauna. A blood buildup concentrate on the Mehaffy Clovis reserve (Colorado) discovered proof for predation on wiped out pony, buffalo, and elephant, yet additionally flying creatures, deer and reindeer, bears, coyote, beaver, hare, bighorn sheep and pigs (javelina). Researchers today propose that like different trackers, albeit bigger prey may have been favored as a result of more prominent food return ratesâ when the enormous prey wasnt accessible they depended on an a lot more extensive decent variety of assets with an infrequent huge kill. Clovis Life Styles Five sorts of Clovis destinations have been discovered: campgrounds; single occasion execute locales; various occasion murder destinations; reserve destinations; and disengaged finds. There are just a couple of campgrounds, where Clovis focuses are found in relationship with hearths: those incorporate Gault in Texas and Anzick in Montana. Single occasion slaughter destinations (Clovis focuses in relationship with a solitary huge bodied animal) remember Dent for Colorado, Duewall-Newberry in Texas, and Murray Springs in Arizona.Multiple murder locales (more than one animal executed at a similar area) incorporate Wallys Beach in Alberta, Coats-Hines in Tennessee and El Fin del Mundo in Sonora.Cache locales (where assortments of Clovis-period stone instruments were discovered together in a solitary pit, lacking other private or chasing proof), incorporate the Mehaffy site, the Beach site in North Dakota, the Hogeye site in Texas, and the East Wenatchee site in Washington.Isolated finds (a solitary Clovis point found in a ranch field) are too various to even think about recounting. The main known Clovis internment found to date is at Anzick, where a newborn child skeleton shrouded in red ochre was found in relationship with 100 stone instruments and 15 bone apparatus sections, and radiocarbon dated between 12,707-12,556 cal BP. Clovis and Art There is some proof for custom conduct past that associated with making Clovis focuses. Chiseled stones have been found at Gault and different Clovis locales; pendants and dots of shell, bone, stone, hematite and calcium carbonate have been recuperated at Blackwater Draw, Lindenmeier, Mockingbird Gap, and Wilson-Leonard destinations. Engraved bone and ivory, including angled ivory poles; and the utilization of red ochre found at the Anzick internments just as put on creature bone are additionally reminiscent of ceremonialism. There are likewise some right now undated stone workmanship locales at Upper Sand Island in Utah which portray wiped out fauna including mammoth and buffalo and might be related with Clovis; and there are others too: geometric structures in Winnemucca bowl in Nevada and cut deliberations. The End of Clovis The finish of the major event chasing procedure utilized by Clovis seems to have happened suddenly, associated with the atmosphere changes related with the beginning of the Younger Dryas. The purposes behind the finish of major game chasing is, obviously, the finish of major game: the majority of the megafauna vanished about a similar time. Researchers are partitioned regarding why the huge fauna vanished, albeit as of now, they are inclining towards a catastrophic event joined with environmental change that slaughtered off all the huge creatures. One ongoing conversation of the catastrophic event hypothesis concerns the distinguishing proof of a dark tangle denoting the finish of Clovis locales. This hypothesis conjectures that a space rock arrived on the ice sheet that was covering Canada at that point and detonated making fires eject everywhere throughout the dry North American landmass. A natural dark tangle is in proof at numerous Clovis destinations, which is deciphered by certain researchers as unfavorable proof of the fiasco. Stratigraphically, there are no Clovis locales over the dark tangle. Notwithstanding, in an ongoing report, Erin Harris-Parks found that dark mats are brought about by nearby natural changes, explicitly the moister atmosphere of the Younger Dryas (YD) period. She noticed that albeit dark mats are generally basic all through the natural history of our planet, a sensational increment in the quantity of dark mats is evident at the beginning of the YD. That shows a fast neighborhood reaction to YD-incited changes, driven by critical and supported hydrologic changes in the southwestern US and High Plains, as opposed to inestimable calamities. Sources Grayson DK, and Meltzer DJ. 2015. Returning to Paleoindian misuse of terminated North American warm blooded creatures. Diary of Archeological Science 56:177-193.Hamilton M, Buchanan B, Huckell B, Holliday V, Shackley MS, and Hill M. 2013. Clovis Paleo

Ethical dilema Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Moral dilema - Research Paper Example Moral situations have various birthplaces and rely upon the source, they can be delegated those from moral vulnerability, purposeful, world forced and those that are prohibitory in nature (Garber 29). Given the idea of the ethical difficulty, one can take a position in regards to the circumstance that will introduce itself to him and select to safeguard the activity with different ethics however the reality remains that the clarification can't be completely understood to be a support of the activity. It must be viewed as similarly as a superior clarification that can be viewed as the best next option renounced. The Moral Dilemma I have been engaged with a troublesome circumstance of moral quandary in which contributed me a dubious circumstance in settling on a choice. This was required by the coming of messages that has truly made new justification for moral problem with respect to data get to and the relating security. It is a typical information that getting to someone’s ema il without their assent is in itself encroaching on the individual right to security and that itself is an infringement of guideline in the vast majority of the spots that similarly restricts unlawful access to ones sends. This is simply the circumstance that I found in and I needed to settle on a choice out of the dubious circumstance. For a concise period, one of the significant Casinos recruited me to be one of their information investigators and I needed to work nearby others in the Casino with respect to the work that I was to do. In the Casino, I made a companionship with a portion of the representatives in the Casino that I use to work with, in the branch of information examination; we became companions that we did the greater part of the things together and transparently riding on the outright trust that we have worked for a serious period. One of the main guidelines that we attempted to during the acknowledgment of the agreement is that no captivating in the betting procedu re as a worker of the Casino, especially those engaged with the information investigation. This was especially such on the grounds that we used to work for the information and that participating in betting would prompt direct irreconcilable situations (Garber 31). A similar Casino has an exceptionally severe strategy in regards to security of sends and individual data and infringing into an individual employee’s individual data isn't endured. In particular again is the way that the administration of the Casino is severe about cutoff times that in the event that it passes you become subject for any los that may be brought about. On a specific day, I was occupied with a specific undertaking that was extremely basic to the organization before the 6pm and it was past ordinary working hours, all the representatives had left. I later understood that a portion of the basic information I required for the consummation of the work were in Tony’s PC (Tony is a partners in the wor k place). I at that point chose to sign into my companions PC so I can send myself the information again into my PC and continue with the task to fulfillment given its criticality, however I realized that it wasn't right to get to an employee’s framework without his assent. I logged into the record and sent the piece of the information that I required yet before I could log out, I saw a mail that Tony has been trading with others over betting procedure and read the email (Garber 33). In the wake of perusing the message, it was clear the Tony was participating in the betting procedure against the company’s prerequisite as an information examiner and t would be tragic for him to be found

Nine Rules You Need to Know About Quotation Marks

Nine Rules You Need to Know About Quotation Marks Whether you call it a quotation mark, quote mark, inverted comma, or talking mark, punctuation used to denote a direct quote when writing the English language comes with some confusingâ€"therefore, often misunderstoodâ€"rules to follow. Much of the confusion is caused by opposing rules for quotation marks between the two styles of American English and British English. Whichever style used, rules related to the use of quotation marks when writing a sentence are some of the most commonly misunderstood rules in English. Basicallyâ€"if you have a difficult time following them or remembering them, dont feel bad because youre definitely not alone.Despite the confusion surrounding its form and usage, the quotation mark dates back to 15th-century manuscripts, when passages that were particularly important were pulled out of the main body and placed in the margins as a notation. Although not necessarily a direct quotation, these passages were distinguished from the rest of the words with iden tifying marks that would later evolve into our modern quotation marks. It wouldnt be until the 16th century, however, that printers would start using symbols that are similar to the quotation marks we use today, while the 17th century began using it to denote words spoken.Double or singleThe double quotation mark () is used to open a quote and end a quote in American-style English. This form of quotation mark it is the oldest form, with the single quotation mark () showing up around 1800 to denote a secondary level of quote, also known as a quote within a quote.Continuing its often confusing variations among American and British writers, rules for punctuation in English writing are almost opposite each other when it comes to the use of quotes. For example, in America, a writer would use the double quotation mark for a primary-level quote, while using single quotation marks to denote a quote within a quote, or secondary level of usage. Writers across the UK, however, would do the exa ct opposite, using the single quotation mark to denote a primary quotation and the double quotation mark to denote secondary-level quotes, such as idioms or a quote within a quote.Whether you are writing in American-style English or British-style English, the most obvious and most used purpose of a quotation mark is to denote when someone is speaking in a sentence. However, the problem is usually not found in the quotation marks place in the sentenceâ€"rather, the confusion is often in where to place other punctuation in and around the quotation marks.For this reason, we will cover the basic rules of quotation marks in both American and British styles of the language.Rule 1 â€" Marking the primary quoteAmericans use the double quotation mark () to mark a primary quote, while the UK uses a singular quotation mark () to do so. Again, the rules between the two styles are exactly opposite. For example, lets take a look at how two sentences with direct or primary-level quotes are written in American-style English.American EnglishDont leave the house, my mother said.Dr. Morgan stated that a miracle needs to happen for her to get back on her feet.Now, lets take those same two quotes and look at them written in the British-style of English:British EnglishDont leave the house, my mother said.Dr. Morgan stated that a miracle needs to happen for her to get back on her feet.Rule 2 â€" Marking the secondary-level quoteIn keeping with the theme of exactly opposite rules between American-style and British-style English, the secondary level of a quote is also handled differently. Americans use the single quotation mark () to denote a secondary-level quote (otherwise known as a quote within a quote or nested quote), while the UK uses a double quote () to do so.American EnglishHe told me very plainly to pack up and leave, she said.When the officer yelled stop loudly, I stopped immediately, claims Sarah.As can be seen in both examples, for American-style English, when there is a quote within a quote, the double quotation mark is used as the first level or primary level of the quote, while the single quotation mark is used to denote the second level of the quote (or the nested quote).Of course, as it goes, the opposite applies when writing in British-style English, as shown below.British EnglishHe told me very plainly to pack up and leave, she said.When the officer yelled stop loudly, I stopped immediately, claims Sarah.Rule 3 â€" Comma usage near quotesWhen writing a quote in American or British English, a comma is generally used to separate the quote from other parts of the sentence. This happens when clauses like he said or she said (or something similar) are used as non-quoted words connected with quoted ones. In American-style English language writing, the comma is placed inside the quotes in these circumstances, unless separating the quote itself. In cases such as this, the comma would be inside of the first set of quotation marks and outside at the b eginning of the second set.American EnglishIts a beautiful day, she said, lets have a picnic.They called and said, We have some great news for you.In British-style English, commas are placed outside of the quotation marks at all times, unless they are part of the quoted phrase. Weve written the same sentences below, so you can see the difference between the two styles.British EnglishIts a beautiful day, she said, lets have a picnic.They called and said, We have some great news for you.Rule 4 â€" Period or full stop usageThe fourth rule is similar to the third rule, but applies to period or full stop usage when related to quotes. The same examples used in Rule 3 apply here, as well. American English puts the period or full stop inside of the quotes, while British-style English puts the period outside of the quotation marks.Rule 5 â€" The question markNow that weve explained the differences between American-style English and British-style English when it comes to using commas or perio ds along with quotation marks, you can breathe easier. Thats because all other punctuation besides the comma and period is handled the same way in both American-style English and British-style English.Specifically, both styles put the question mark in the most logical place in the sentence. If the question is within the quote itself, the question mark should also be placed within the quotation marks. If the question is the entire sentence, which is partially quoted with perhaps an idiom or ironic statement, the question mark punctuates the end of the sentenceâ€"outside of the quotation marks used.American EnglishDo you understand what it means to be back at square one?Do you really think theyll just give me a slap on the wrist like they said they would? she asked.British EnglishDo you understand what it means to be back at square one?Do you really think theyll just give me a slap on the wrist like they said they would? she asked.Rule 6 â€" Idioms and words used in a nonstandard wayA s we briefly mentioned above, quotation marks are used in both styles of English to denote a term that is classified as an idiom, or is used in some non-standard way such as ironically or sarcastically. Note that in this rule, the same standards noted in Rules 3 and 4 apply. Americans put the period or full stop inside the quotes, while the UK does the opposite.American EnglishNow I know why we use the term break a leg.I see that John is still spending a lot of quality time with his friend.British EnglishNow I know why we use the term break a leg.I see that John is still spending a lot of quality time with his friend.Rule 7 â€" Denoting shorter components of literature or other worksIn both styles of English, quotation marks are used to denote shorter components of literature or other works, such as titles of short stories, poems, a chapter from a book, a song that is part of a larger composition, a scene from a play, etc. Here is a complete list of components that should be denoted with quotation marks.PoemsShort storiesEssaysSongsChapter titlesMagazine or newspaper articlesIndividual episodes of a television seriesPage of a Web siteScenes from a play or musicalBelow are some examples of how this is done in both American-style and British-style English.American EnglishThe Waltz of the Flowers is my favorite part of the Nutcracker ballet.Poes famous short story, The Tell-Tale Heart, demonstrates how the author uses images of death and bleakness to convey his version of Romanticism.British EnglishThe Waltz of the Flowers is my favorite part of the Nutcracker ballet.Poes famous short story, The Tell-Tale Heart, demonstrates how the author uses images of death and bleakness to convey his version of Romanticism.Rule 8 â€" Quoted material interrupted by non-quoted material.When quoting a speaker or writer directly, we often include non-quoted words as well. In both American and British styles of English, the direct quote is separated from the non-quoted material wi th a comma. However, as shown in Rule 3, British English places the comma outside of the direct quote, while American English places it inside on the first set and outside of the second.American EnglishWere almost there, said Pat, only a few more miles to go.I dont think science backs this theory, stated Dr. Williams. You need to find scientific proof!British EnglishWere almost there, said Pat, only a few more miles to go.I dont think science backs this theory, stated Dr. Williams, you need to find scientific proof!Rule 9 â€" Quotes across paragraphsIn both styles of English language writing, when a quote spans multiple paragraphs, each paragraph begins with a quotation mark to denote the continuation of the quote. However, the closing quotation mark is only applied to the paragraph that contains the end of the quote.

Nine Rules You Need to Know About Quotation Marks

Nine Rules You Need to Know About Quotation Marks Whether you call it a quotation mark, quote mark, inverted comma, or talking mark, punctuation used to denote a direct quote when writing the English language comes with some confusingâ€"therefore, often misunderstoodâ€"rules to follow. Much of the confusion is caused by opposing rules for quotation marks between the two styles of American English and British English. Whichever style used, rules related to the use of quotation marks when writing a sentence are some of the most commonly misunderstood rules in English. Basicallyâ€"if you have a difficult time following them or remembering them, dont feel bad because youre definitely not alone.Despite the confusion surrounding its form and usage, the quotation mark dates back to 15th-century manuscripts, when passages that were particularly important were pulled out of the main body and placed in the margins as a notation. Although not necessarily a direct quotation, these passages were distinguished from the rest of the words with iden tifying marks that would later evolve into our modern quotation marks. It wouldnt be until the 16th century, however, that printers would start using symbols that are similar to the quotation marks we use today, while the 17th century began using it to denote words spoken.Double or singleThe double quotation mark () is used to open a quote and end a quote in American-style English. This form of quotation mark it is the oldest form, with the single quotation mark () showing up around 1800 to denote a secondary level of quote, also known as a quote within a quote.Continuing its often confusing variations among American and British writers, rules for punctuation in English writing are almost opposite each other when it comes to the use of quotes. For example, in America, a writer would use the double quotation mark for a primary-level quote, while using single quotation marks to denote a quote within a quote, or secondary level of usage. Writers across the UK, however, would do the exa ct opposite, using the single quotation mark to denote a primary quotation and the double quotation mark to denote secondary-level quotes, such as idioms or a quote within a quote.Whether you are writing in American-style English or British-style English, the most obvious and most used purpose of a quotation mark is to denote when someone is speaking in a sentence. However, the problem is usually not found in the quotation marks place in the sentenceâ€"rather, the confusion is often in where to place other punctuation in and around the quotation marks.For this reason, we will cover the basic rules of quotation marks in both American and British styles of the language.Rule 1 â€" Marking the primary quoteAmericans use the double quotation mark () to mark a primary quote, while the UK uses a singular quotation mark () to do so. Again, the rules between the two styles are exactly opposite. For example, lets take a look at how two sentences with direct or primary-level quotes are written in American-style English.American EnglishDont leave the house, my mother said.Dr. Morgan stated that a miracle needs to happen for her to get back on her feet.Now, lets take those same two quotes and look at them written in the British-style of English:British EnglishDont leave the house, my mother said.Dr. Morgan stated that a miracle needs to happen for her to get back on her feet.Rule 2 â€" Marking the secondary-level quoteIn keeping with the theme of exactly opposite rules between American-style and British-style English, the secondary level of a quote is also handled differently. Americans use the single quotation mark () to denote a secondary-level quote (otherwise known as a quote within a quote or nested quote), while the UK uses a double quote () to do so.American EnglishHe told me very plainly to pack up and leave, she said.When the officer yelled stop loudly, I stopped immediately, claims Sarah.As can be seen in both examples, for American-style English, when there is a quote within a quote, the double quotation mark is used as the first level or primary level of the quote, while the single quotation mark is used to denote the second level of the quote (or the nested quote).Of course, as it goes, the opposite applies when writing in British-style English, as shown below.British EnglishHe told me very plainly to pack up and leave, she said.When the officer yelled stop loudly, I stopped immediately, claims Sarah.Rule 3 â€" Comma usage near quotesWhen writing a quote in American or British English, a comma is generally used to separate the quote from other parts of the sentence. This happens when clauses like he said or she said (or something similar) are used as non-quoted words connected with quoted ones. In American-style English language writing, the comma is placed inside the quotes in these circumstances, unless separating the quote itself. In cases such as this, the comma would be inside of the first set of quotation marks and outside at the b eginning of the second set.American EnglishIts a beautiful day, she said, lets have a picnic.They called and said, We have some great news for you.In British-style English, commas are placed outside of the quotation marks at all times, unless they are part of the quoted phrase. Weve written the same sentences below, so you can see the difference between the two styles.British EnglishIts a beautiful day, she said, lets have a picnic.They called and said, We have some great news for you.Rule 4 â€" Period or full stop usageThe fourth rule is similar to the third rule, but applies to period or full stop usage when related to quotes. The same examples used in Rule 3 apply here, as well. American English puts the period or full stop inside of the quotes, while British-style English puts the period outside of the quotation marks.Rule 5 â€" The question markNow that weve explained the differences between American-style English and British-style English when it comes to using commas or perio ds along with quotation marks, you can breathe easier. Thats because all other punctuation besides the comma and period is handled the same way in both American-style English and British-style English.Specifically, both styles put the question mark in the most logical place in the sentence. If the question is within the quote itself, the question mark should also be placed within the quotation marks. If the question is the entire sentence, which is partially quoted with perhaps an idiom or ironic statement, the question mark punctuates the end of the sentenceâ€"outside of the quotation marks used.American EnglishDo you understand what it means to be back at square one?Do you really think theyll just give me a slap on the wrist like they said they would? she asked.British EnglishDo you understand what it means to be back at square one?Do you really think theyll just give me a slap on the wrist like they said they would? she asked.Rule 6 â€" Idioms and words used in a nonstandard wayA s we briefly mentioned above, quotation marks are used in both styles of English to denote a term that is classified as an idiom, or is used in some non-standard way such as ironically or sarcastically. Note that in this rule, the same standards noted in Rules 3 and 4 apply. Americans put the period or full stop inside the quotes, while the UK does the opposite.American EnglishNow I know why we use the term break a leg.I see that John is still spending a lot of quality time with his friend.British EnglishNow I know why we use the term break a leg.I see that John is still spending a lot of quality time with his friend.Rule 7 â€" Denoting shorter components of literature or other worksIn both styles of English, quotation marks are used to denote shorter components of literature or other works, such as titles of short stories, poems, a chapter from a book, a song that is part of a larger composition, a scene from a play, etc. Here is a complete list of components that should be denoted with quotation marks.PoemsShort storiesEssaysSongsChapter titlesMagazine or newspaper articlesIndividual episodes of a television seriesPage of a Web siteScenes from a play or musicalBelow are some examples of how this is done in both American-style and British-style English.American EnglishThe Waltz of the Flowers is my favorite part of the Nutcracker ballet.Poes famous short story, The Tell-Tale Heart, demonstrates how the author uses images of death and bleakness to convey his version of Romanticism.British EnglishThe Waltz of the Flowers is my favorite part of the Nutcracker ballet.Poes famous short story, The Tell-Tale Heart, demonstrates how the author uses images of death and bleakness to convey his version of Romanticism.Rule 8 â€" Quoted material interrupted by non-quoted material.When quoting a speaker or writer directly, we often include non-quoted words as well. In both American and British styles of English, the direct quote is separated from the non-quoted material wi th a comma. However, as shown in Rule 3, British English places the comma outside of the direct quote, while American English places it inside on the first set and outside of the second.American EnglishWere almost there, said Pat, only a few more miles to go.I dont think science backs this theory, stated Dr. Williams. You need to find scientific proof!British EnglishWere almost there, said Pat, only a few more miles to go.I dont think science backs this theory, stated Dr. Williams, you need to find scientific proof!Rule 9 â€" Quotes across paragraphsIn both styles of English language writing, when a quote spans multiple paragraphs, each paragraph begins with a quotation mark to denote the continuation of the quote. However, the closing quotation mark is only applied to the paragraph that contains the end of the quote.

Background Essay Samples - How to Write One

<h1>Background Essay Samples - How to Write One</h1><p>Background exposition tests is a brilliant spot to begin when composing your resume or a paper. This can be a troublesome spot to start in light of the fact that there are such a significant number of various organizations and layouts that you may not discover valuable. So what precisely would you be able to anticipate from a foundation article sample?</p><p></p><p>The first thing that you have to do is invest some energy making your paper. This implies you have to consider the things that you feel are significant in your application, just as how those will apply to the workplace that you are applying for. At the point when you have this perspective plainly as a main priority, you will be better ready to concoct a plan that is going to accommodate your needs.</p><p></p><p>When you compose your experience article test you ought to consistently remember that it ought to be your own. There are a wide range of sorts of resumes out there, each with their own particular style and structure. You should remember this when composing your resume and ensure that the type of the exposition mirrors your own one of a kind style.</p><p></p><p>Another significant factor to recall is that you ought to never utilize another person's article as a layout. Most journalists make these kinds of tests since they don't see precisely what is expected to compose a decent resume. Thusly, they resort to utilizing models that others have composed on the grounds that they don't comprehend the motivation behind it all.</p><p></p><p>Your exposition should seem to be however it has been composed by you. This implies you should let your own character radiate through. The most ideal approach to do this is to keep away from any references to your tutoring or some other aspects of your life that could cloud your contemplations. Reco llect that everybody is composing a resume for an alternate explanation and in this way it is improper to utilize data about yourself that would just befuddle your reader.</p><p></p><p>By composing along these lines you will have the option to concoct something that is totally one of a kind and your experience exposition tests will be more grounded for it. In the event that you attempt to duplicate another person's work you risk sounding automated and you ought to consistently keep away from this on the off chance that you can. At the point when you are attempting to think of an individual paper, you ought to consistently have the option to show your perusers why you are the opportune individual for the job.</p><p></p><p>Writing a foundation article tests isn't unreasonably troublesome, however it can once in a while be a test to discover one that is powerful. With the tips sketched out above you will have the option to think of a dece nt composing that will show your perusers that you have the right stuff that they are searching for. At the point when they see that you have investigated the particular organization that you are applying for they will be progressively agreeable and ideally all the more ready to peruse what you need to say.</p><p></p><p>Writing your own experience exposition can take some time, yet it is something that is justified, despite all the trouble since you can utilize your own one of a kind style. At the point when you have an inclination that you are prepared to begin assembling a strong archive you should begin by investigating the specific things that you need remembered for your resume. In the event that you follow these tips you will have the option to make a quality archive that will stand apart from the remainder of the competition.</p>

The Newly Leaked Secret to Replacements for However and but in Essay Writing Uncovered

<h1> The Newly Leaked Secret to Replacements for However and yet in Essay Writing Uncovered </h1> <h2> Replacements for However and yet in Essay Writing - What Is It?</h2> <p>Septic relaxing is a critical differential finding inside this clinical setting, and as a component of an arthrography study, a symptomatic arthrocentesis can be done. The unwavering quality and utility of a precise audit are reliant on the thoroughness of the strategies used in the activity of the survey and the standard of the accessible investigations. Adages are the past zone inside this segment about approaches to forestall certain stylistics gadgets that transform your scholastic composition into something not as formal. Wires, jolts, and a wide range of various parts dispersed over the ground. </p> <p>A convincing article, for instance about the benefits of a thing, would be a device which gives answers to issues. You should show to them the advantages of a thing or an assistance should they tune in to your recommendation. On the off chance that the thing gives a totally free test, cash back confirmation or totally free conveyance, include those items too. Diminish the capability of conveying a tremendous measure of cash. </p> <h2> Type of Replacements for However and yet in Essay Writing</h2> <p>There they heard suppressed shouts from bunches of individuals, all at different occasions. For some of them you will need support, while others you may compose without anyone else. Slang has a significant spot in the public arena since it will assist with providing a particular feeling of personality and having a place, particularly among youngsters and ladies who regularly discover acknowledgment and need to set up their own correspondence that others from different ages don't comprehend. </p> <p>Your odds of being an expert author increments significantly if you buckle down on improving your capacities. A schol arly author should introduce information in a fascinating manner and back it up with an assortment of contentions. So an unfathomable hero group started. As an end, our gathering of talented specialists likewise gives a last decision which will assist you with settling on a very much educated decision. </p> <h2> Replacements for However and yet in Essay Writing Options</h2> <p>In the occasion the Wordle result shows words you hadn't intended to underline, at that point it is a sign you should reexamine your paper to make certain perusers will focus on the correct subtleties. Making a draft will permit you to stress the words that unquestionably should be in the content and ones that could be supplanted. You aren't probably going to be frightful to utilize solid words which incorporate the situation of the peruser. Reorder the content into Wordle and investigate the fundamental expressions to see whether you've remembered comparative wording for your draft. &l t;/p> <p>Since you will see, formal doesn't follow that you must be firm, stodgy, and unnatural in states of your scholastic composition. You should introduce a brief exercise while in transit to utilize a thesaurus for paper composing toward the beginning of the semester. Another immense no-no in scholastic composing is to attempt to make an impact in your composition by methods for designing or accentuation. The scholastic network can be moderate when it has to do with composing styles, however your composing shouldn't be very as exhausting that people shed intrigue halfway through the absolute first passage! </p> <p>If you're told over and over that you simply express good thoughts inside your exposition composing anyway your composing needs cleaning, you're not the only one. It tends to befuddle and divert from the significant target of the scholastic composition. In case you're presented to such errors frequently enough, you may start believing they're right. be that as it may, it's significant you don't make it feasible for them to crawl into your composition. As an inquisitive understudy, you could be believing that clearly there must be a few examples where utilizing first-individual composing is fine.</p> <p>Because there are specific differentiations that are probably going to be made by the appropriate responses, the perusers should be aware of them. There are various types of methods that might help you with the syntax structure, yet here are the tips that will make you stick out among the others. In actuality, the pattern doesn't come without negative features. Ext ra language structure tips might be found here.</p> <p>It takes just 5 minutes to peruse a survey and find out whatever you need to think about that association. You can even look at a few surveys and pick the business that is generally reasonable for your prerequisites and modest spending plan. The audit is going to encourage all of you should comprehend and afterward it is conceivable to put your buy unhesitatingly. Our audits contain data like the score of the customers, our rating, beginning costs, Discounts, and grade of the papers. </p> <h2>Details of Replacements for However and yet in Essay Writing </h2> <p>As language and regular composing has gotten so casual, utilizing compressions have gotten typical. There are online word references of phrasal action words so you can figure out how to utilize them and when to forestall them. At the point when you can't consider only the right detail, it is less complex to simply come back to your norm al insight and pull out an expression that isn't hard to grasp. Before you compose, make certain you have strong comprehension of fundamental syntax. </p> <p>In case the crowd doesn't have the capacity to characterize a shortened form, pick an equivalent. Try not to disregard to work out the words that need a specific definition and aren't so standard to begin with. On the off chance that you might want to focus on words like get, you will need to introduce it in phrases. Numerous words or expressions can be used to set up a clarification. </p>

How to Write a Winning Science Essay Topic

<h1>How to Write a Winning Science Essay Topic</h1><p>An perfect exposition is the one that will place you in the ideal situation for admission to top colleges and universities. One method of doing this is by composing acceptable Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) expositions. It doesn't make a difference in the event that you need to go into a building program or some other degree program, it is in every case great to be extremely clear about what kind of program you need to get into.</p><p></p><p>There are a lot of materials that can assist you with composing a convincing article for a SI test or to be qualified for a science, innovation, designing or arithmetic degree. For example, you should seriously mull over utilizing web based showing assets, for example, e-reading material, online instructional exercises and online labs. You may likewise consider utilizing a SAT math test readiness direct or such a reenacted prac tice test that is made explicitly for your course.</p><p></p><p>The thing is, despite the fact that you have every one of these assets, there are still things that you have to know so as to be certain that you remember to remember probably the most significant components for your article. One of the most significant things is to comprehend what themes will really intrigue your perusers. Obviously, they don't imply that you have to incorporate each and every subject that you could think of. Notwithstanding, in the event that you remember the four characteristic science paper subjects, you will wind up with an article that will unquestionably dazzle your school affirmations committee.</p><p></p><p>First of all, science is the investigation of nature and it is somewhat difficult to expound on nature. Individuals who do science will in general observe the normal world in an unexpected way. Thusly, ensure that you make them intrigue models in the course that will draw in the consideration of your perusers. Remember to make reference to the abnormal and magnificent occasions throughout your life, but instead notice the significant revelations that you made.</p><p></p><p>Next, regardless of whether you are an understudy of material science or science, you will in any case need to have solid numerical aptitudes so as to examine the procedures that happen when various gases interface. The procedure will be additionally talked about by including dynamical frameworks and thermodynamics. Remember to accentuate the physical properties of the atoms you will use in your examples.</p><p></p><p>Last, in the event that you need to get admission to top colleges and schools, outstanding amongst other paper themes that you can compose is one that clarifies the historical backdrop of the universe. Indeed, you will expound on the Big Bang Theory and how it can clarify the causes of the un iverse. Simply ensure that you remember the huge explosion for the conversation of the beginnings of the universe.</p><p></p><p>To sum up, you have to realize what sorts of points you will have the option to expound on and you have to locate the correct kinds of material that you can use to build a decent article. There are a lot of assets that you can use to get a few thoughts on the most proficient method to go about it. Remember that as long as you study the four regular science paper subjects, you will wind up with a stunning exposition that will land you an extraordinary school admission.</p>

Effexor Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, & Treatment

Effexor Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, & Treatment Depression Treatment Print How Long Does Withdrawal From Effexor (Venlafaxine) Last? By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 29, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Verywell / JR Bee More in Depression Treatment Medication Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Types Childhood Depression Suicide In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Signs & Symptoms Coping & Relief Warnings Long-Term Treatment View All Back To Top Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome is a well-known and accepted syndrome that can occur in people who abruptly discontinue Effexor (venlafaxine), a type of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used to treat depression, anxiety, and panic disorder. Within a matter of hours of missing a dose, some people begin to experience symptoms of Effexor withdrawal.?? Because of this, healthcare providers often recommend starting on the medication by building up from a low dose and decreasing the dosage when weaning from the drug. Still, symptoms of withdrawal can occur even if the medication is slowly tapered off. Should You Quit Your Antidepressant Cold Turkey? Overview Some people report experiencing brain shivers or “brain zaps” when they are late taking their prescribed dose of Effexor.?? People often describe these sensations as a very brief, repetitive electric shock-like feeling that remains confined to the brain or head. Others report the sensation spreads out to other parts of the body. The sensation can be triggered by moving your eyes and is often accompanied by disorientation, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), vertigo, and/or lightheadedness. There is no current evidence that suggests that brain shivers or brain zaps represent any danger. However, these electric shock-like sensations can cause you to become alarmed or worry and happen frequently enough to disrupt daily life or quality of life. Signs Symptoms When decreasing or stopping an antidepressant, a neurochemical change takes place in the brain. As the brain readjusts to the new environment, symptoms of withdrawing from Effexor (or another antidepressant) may include: Flu-like symptoms (fatigue, muscle pain, nausea)HeadacheImbalanceNauseaSweatingRestlessnessHigh blood pressureAbnormal sensory disturbancesDizziness?? Psychiatric or cognitive symptoms: Nightmares or excessive dreamsProblems with concentrationAnxiety or worsening of depressionConfusionNarcolepsy (short-lived)Cataplexy (loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotion)Psychosis?? Flu-Like Symptoms When You Discontinue Antidepressants Coping Relief Effexor withdrawal symptoms develop quickly, so if you are experiencing withdrawal symptoms from missing a dose, take it as soon as you remember.?? If it is already close to the timing of your next scheduled dose, simply skip your missed dose and stick to your schedule. You can reduce your withdrawal symptoms by getting back on your prescribed dosing schedule as soon as possible. While symptoms will typically go away in a few weeks, there are ways to make Effexor withdrawal more tolerable during that time. Here are a few steps to consider: Team up with your doctor.  They are your best ally when it comes to preventing and coping with symptoms of withdrawal. Discuss the benefits and risks of stopping Effexor and work together to figure out how (and when) to slowly stop taking the drug.Ask about OTC medications.  Consult your doctor about any over-the-counter medications that can help ease Effexor withdrawal; for example, sleep aids, anti-nausea medications, and pain relievers.Consider psychotherapy. According to investigators at Harvard Medical School, undergoing psychotherapy while discontinuing an antidepressant can decrease your risk of having a relapse.??Seek support.  Consider asking a close friend or family member for support and let them know what to expect as you work with your doctor to wean off the drug.Keep up with follow-ups. It’s important to keep in touch with your healthcare provider as you are weaning from the drug as well as after you’ve stopped altogether. Depending on how you feel, you may need to book ongoing monthly check-ins until discontinuation symptoms have eased and there are no signs of relapse.Practice self-care. As you are going through withdrawal, it’s more important than ever to exercise, eat healthfully, get regular sleep, and practice stress management.?? These acts of self-care can help keep your mood stable as you taper off Effexor.   5 Self-Care Practices for Every Area of Your Life Warnings Some Effexor withdrawal symptoms can cause disorientation, which can be dangerous when driving or operating heavy machinery.?? Although rare, stopping Effexor on your own can result in severe and frightening reactions. If you or someone you love experiences any of the following symptoms, call 911 or seek medical help right away: DeliriumSuicidal feelingsPsychosis?? If you experience worsening anxiety or depression during withdrawal, and these symptoms last more than a month, it may mean youre having a relapse and need ongoing mental health treatment. Talk to your doctor if you have any concerns. Long-Term Treatment When youve decided to stop taking your antidepressant, it might be tempting to toss out your medication. Instead, take your time and work with your doctor to gradually decrease your dose over an extended period of time. How youll do this will depend on several factors, including: How long youve been taking the drugYour current dose (if youre on a low dose, youll be able to taper off more quickly)Past experience with withdrawal symptomsOverall health Sometimes, even if you are slow and deliberate when weaning off an antidepressant, you still may experience symptoms of discontinuation syndrome. In these cases, your doctor may prescribe fluoxetine, which has been found to help ease discontinuation symptoms.?? Resources In addition to teaming up with your doctor and asking a trusted family member or friend to help you through this period, you may find it helpful to reach out to others who are also going through Effexor withdrawal. The National Association for Mental Illness (NAMI) and the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA) both offer online discussion groups where you can connect with others who may share similar experiences. You may also be able to find groups on Facebook, in which members can offer each other tips and support. A Word From Verywell While Effexor withdrawal symptoms are rarely life-threatening, they can be uncomfortable and interfere with your daily life. The key to  preventing withdrawal is to take your medication as prescribed and approach any dose changes under the close guidance of your doctor.

How to Write a Discussion and Conclusion For Research Paper

<h1>How to Write a Discussion and Conclusion For Research Paper</h1><p>As a scholastic composing teacher, I am every now and again got some information about how to compose a conversation and determination for an examination paper. By and large, understudies feel that they can avoid the creative cycle and just follow headings. In any case, the truth of the matter is that a large number of them will find that a decent conversation and end are entirely significant to the composed item as a whole.</p><p></p><p>A conversation gives the foundation of a point. For instance, in your subject of conversation, what is the proposal explanation? At that point, you have to figure out how to utilize that announcement to help the remainder of the contention in the paper. Without a conversation, there would be no supporting case for your statement.</p><p></p><p>You may likewise have a thought that underpins the primary thought that yo u need to make in your decision. The conversation assists with reinforcing the primary thought. In any case, when you start the way toward composing a conversation, you ought to always remember that you have to utilize words accurately. Albeit a few people may feel this is a simple undertaking, it isn't. It is hard to make the creative cycle go easily when you have botches in your writing.</p><p></p><p>When composing a conversation and determination for an examination paper, one error that most understudies make is utilizing incorrectly words. Despite the fact that they may imagine that it is just a minor error, it can cause a huge hole between what the first idea of the paper is and what it is the point at which the paper is finished. You should figure out how to compose a conversation and determination for an exploration paper so your undertaking is done accurately. It will take some training, however in the long run, you will turn out to be progressively a cquainted with the procedure and you will realize when to stop writing.</p><p></p><p>One of the advantages of composing a conversation and end for starting exploration paper is that you will discover the reasons that individuals felt that a specific theme was essential to the subject of the paper. This will assist you with building up a superior comprehension of your crowd. This is the main way that you will have the option to improve a presentation.</p><p></p><p>When you are composing a conversation and determination for an exploration paper, you have to ensure that the material introduced is identified with the subject that you initially set out to talk about. There is no motivation to invest energy recorded as a hard copy a conversation and winding up in a conversation that isn't legitimately identified with the first theme. You may find that the data gave in the conversation isn't sufficient to give your crowd what they want.</p ><p></p><p>As an educator, I regularly get messages from understudies getting some information about how to compose a conversation and decision for an exploration paper. For the greater part of these understudies, it is on the grounds that they are not happy with composing an audit. This isn't unexpected, as surveys are a basic piece of any examination paper.</p><p></p><p>If you are composing an exploration paper, it is significant that you pick the correct subject. As a teacher, you might need to investigate a portion of the theme controls that are accessible on the web. Having a rundown of thoughts to present to your understudies will assist you with settling on a superior decision in the future.</p>

Help Writing College Research Paper

<h1>Help Writing College Research Paper</h1><p>The most ideal approach to help composing school research paper is to know precisely what you need and how to approach getting it. A fundamental comprehension of what the writer ought to record in an article will permit you to compose your paper appropriately and this will expand your odds of getting acknowledged by the school you are applying to.</p><p></p><p>People who don't hold fast to scholastic measures, who don't adhere to the guidelines of the organization, are generally not acknowledged by any stretch of the imagination. You need to ensure that you fit into the classification of good understudies, as though your paper doesn't satisfy the acknowledged guidelines then you may have been disregarded. A decent exposition shows that you are happy to invest the energy into your exploration and can even give a few evidences that demonstrate the idea of your work.</p><p></p>< p>When you need to help composing school research paper, you need to check for a legitimate credit check. Regardless of whether you need to pay another person to do the examination for you, you need to realize that they are solid and have a decent reputation. A few understudies exploit others in the region of scholarly composition, so it is imperative to be careful about who you are trusting with the assignment.</p><p></p><p>In request to assist you with composing your exposition, think about your subject. Ensure that your article is going to fit into the subject and afterward you can utilize it to discover increasingly about the point. The initial step to help composing school research paper is to get some answers concerning the theme before you begin composing the paper.</p><p></p><p>Your research paper ought to consistently show the realities that are pertinent to the current subject. It ought to talk about what realities can be found in a college library that are not promptly accessible to a great many people and what sort of sources are accessible to show these realities. The entirety of this data ought to be recorded on your examination paper, so when your educator peruses your paper, they will realize what realities they can add to your text.</p><p></p><p>When you need to help composing school research paper, remember your subject. What is the theory articulation of your paper? When you have a theme, figure out what ought to be remembered for your theory articulation. You likewise need to compose a short passage or two that sums up the realities that you found in your topic.</p><p></p><p>Your cover sheet ought to be straightforward and to the point. A proposal articulation can some of the time be difficult to follow and ensure that your writer realizes what they are expounding on. The cover sheet is one of the most significant pieces of your article since when your educator understands it, it is this first page will uncover what your exposition is about.</p><p></p><p>When you need to help composing school research paper, it is critical to know the subject you are expounding on. You additionally need to recognize what sort of proof you have to present to show how your discoveries fit into the topic.</p>

The Start of Cosmetology Scholarship Essay Samples

<h1> The Start of Cosmetology Scholarship Essay Samples </h1> <h2> If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Cosmetology Scholarship Essay Samples </h2> <p>Cosmetology has grown a noteworthy piece of the cutting edge lifestyle and separated from looking beguiling it's additionally adding to keeping up close to home cleanliness as well. Most nursing understudies see how to direct examines and consolidate them with different ideas that they've learned in class in the real world application. Our nursing grant paper models can improve the probability of your admission to a nursing program. </p> <h2> New Ideas Into Cosmetology Scholarship Essay Samples Never Before Revealed </h2> <p>The absolute initial step to any article composing is to choose a subject of intrigue. It's exceptionally recommended that you diagram an exposition from the start before at last composing its actual substance. Independent paper author You can sea rch for independent article journalists on the web as well. Composing is a current that falls into place without a hitch. </p> <p>Study a few inquiries which you may answer. Nursing exposition models can empower you to see how to form an excellent theory explanation. </p> <p>So when you have a paper doled out that you will require help with, you can buy exposition online modest from us. Grant exposition isn't a paper at which you can pardon yourself incorrect spellings or designing mistake. Grant expositions are a huge issue. Composing a grant article requests a lot of time to put the words on paper and mix the sentences, in order to pass on the suitable importance. </p> <p>It's clear that most understudies think that its difficult to submit totally free blunder test exposition for monetary need grant since for the most part they give counterfeited content simply because they duplicate the particular data found on the web. Grants are given by different government and non-government organizations. Numerous grants are given to unmistakable gatherings or sorts of understudies, so be certain you fit inside that gathering. </p> <p>Before beginning composition, ensure that you fulfill the necessities and rules for application. Your future is subject to it. The strategy begins with the customer entering the suitable information in the buy structure. In order to persuade the appointed authorities which you ought to get the grant as opposed to different candidates, you must mention to the adjudicators what makes you a superior up-and-comer. </p> <h2>Life After Cosmetology Scholarship Essay Samples </h2> <p>With our hand crafted paper offer, you can be ensured to discover any exposition help you are scanning for. The kind of article you're searching for will be given to you inside the cutoff time gave to you. With our article help you might be sure no one will show signs of improvement mark for the work than you. Remember that the individual perusing your article wishes to give out cash. </p> <p>In grant expositions, you are, fundamentally, persuading somebody to support you and convey you cash. In case you're requesting a grant, chances are you're probably going to ought to form an article. So should you have to utilize school exposition essayist on the web, we're only the individuals that you need to contact. While the case there are a couple of fantastic journalists in school some discover it incredibly intense to compose. </p> <p>Having us to address any of the issues that you may confront when concocting grant article points will be suggested for you. Before you genuinely start rounding out your grant applications, you should commit some time thinking about how to compose a grant article that will discover the outcomes which you need. Recall that all grant applications are unique, and that implies you may need to plan your paper to satisfy those specific prerequisites. The principle motivation behind why it's essential for you to ensure you will create a broad and far reaching grant article is an aftereffect of the advantages it can give to your grant application. </p> <p>That implies you can arrange for our secondary school grant paper models without expecting to worry about your private data. Accordingly, the understudy should create the contention convincing. In case you're presently an understudy taking a shot at composing expositions for your grant applications for post auxiliary subsidizing it could be of help to realize that their are a lot of grant paper tests promptly accessible online you could find valuable. Today, most undergrads think that its hard to make an exposition on a particular subject. </p>

What Is an Essay About

What Is an Essay About?Malcolm X's Learning to Read Essay has been attributed with moving millions to grasp the composed word. It has become the benchmark for understanding guidance, expanding the proficiency paces of youthful and old the same. It is an American distribution, first distributed in 1970. It is extremely effective as an audit, book report, writing survey, article composing and all around present for teachers.It is accepted that Malcolm X, the man who made the task, had perused the course reading before hand. That isn't so. He didn't peruse the entry; he read it in exactly the same words. His expectation was to go past what is perused by the student.It was a progressive thought and the initial segment of the book, Learning to Read Essay, would talk about it. The second piece of the book examined Malcolm X's contemplations on training. It would likewise offer rules for urging figuring out how to peruse. He proposed that guardians show their youngsters the standards of per using just as language.The book experienced a few forms before the rendition that Malcolm X was currently distributed today. The first version was 200 pages in length. It contained the standards of figuring out how to understand paper, abstract and chronicled audit, jargon, writing survey, and exposition composing. There were additionally thoughts for animating instructive perusing development.The composing task concentrated on perusing, instead of different exercises, for example, playing or moving, singing, drawing, or cooking. It ought to be noticed that the first writer of the book, Julius Marcus, included a twelve-advance program in this composed guide. There was a broad educational plan for improving perusing ability.Theessay introduced thoughts that had not been thought of, ideas, hypotheses, and speculations. He said that instructive perusing could be fun and that there was no restriction to what perusing could accomplish for individuals. He said that individuals who read fo r joy didn't get exhausted, nor did they battle in school. Malcolm X pushed for each person to be educated to peruse and he accepted that each kid could figure out how to peruse. He additionally felt that every individual ought to be presented to the composed word, yet it ought to be restricted to perusing for joy only.A hardly any years after Malcolm X's Learning to Read Essay, Heidegger composed another article entitled The Work of Consciousness. It was distributed in 1923. Heidegger thought of this meaning of the craft of perusing and he depicted how understudies should read for their classes as understudies. He considered perusing to be a piece of a procedure of understanding one's self. He guaranteed that perusing ought not be viewed as a method of picking up information. Rather, it ought to be utilized to decide whether there is any fact in a specific text.It is said that his article made an unrest in figuring out how to understand paper. It was viewed as a venturing stone to the entire comprehension of perusing and the substance was something other than a type of articulation. He asserted that anybody could peruse for information. What is significant is that perusing ought not exclusively be a type of articulation yet a procedure that lead to reflection and thought.

The Top College Essay Samples

<h1>The Top College Essay Samples</h1><p>The top school exposition tests on the web are the top authors. They are the top school authors and you ought to likewise mull over their examples. There are a great deal of journalists that are eager to compose papers, however just some will cause you to gain from them.</p><p></p><p>The top school exposition tests originate from the individuals who have been composing articles for a considerable length of time and can figure inquiries to pose to a peruser. They additionally can keep your consideration with their composition. As journalists are not individuals who like to compose things that are to simple. They need to dazzle the peruser and this is the place they excel.</p><p></p><p>As you glance through the top school articles you will see that the writer is clear about their subject, and afterward they make a point to take a gander at the central matters of the exposition. Th eir papers are vivacious, however it doesn't sound to energizing as a report that you are perusing. Their composing isn't too formal.</p><p></p><p>You can discover a few expositions online on the web, which are a piece of the top school paper tests. You can likewise glance through those sources to locate the most sound article writers.</p><p></p><p>One of the best strategies to gain from the top school paper tests is by replicating their examples. Investigate the example and take a gander at how you might want your own exposition to be composed. Try not to lose it by the primary example that you see. Give close consideration to the next paper and the author who is composing it.</p><p></p><p>The school exposition tests can compose papers that don't sound hardened and to cause the peruser to feel more fascinated. This is something that you ought to gain from as the individual who is doing the writing.</p>< ;p></p><p>With the school article tests you can get a smart thought about the style where the essayists compose and how you can do likewise. These examples will have the option to help you in forming articles, where you can be certain that you won't go wrong.</p>

Make a Good College Essay Topic

<h1>Make a Good College Essay Topic</h1><p>Students ought to have the option to find out about college level paper subjects on the Internet and how to structure an incredible school article. An extraordinary exposition is the one that will stand out enough to be noticed, will gain the understudy a high evaluation, and make an imprint for their future.</p><p></p><p>The best article subjects will recount to a story, persuade the peruser of the peruser's thought, or invigorate thought and examination. These papers are in reality the tales that an understudy composes, they help to improve their insight and their composing aptitudes. The strategies they use will assist them with being better writers.</p><p></p><p>A great article subject can change an incredible course. An understudy can compose an incredible exposition and this can affect their evaluations and life possibilities. Indeed, the way to perusing a school article is to scan for school paper subjects that will recount to a decent story and convince the reader.</p><p></p><p>There are various destinations on the Internet that contain incredible exposition points that can help you on your excursion to turning into an extraordinary author. You can without much of a stretch discover free school exposition points that have been finished by others and distributed on the web. You can utilize these to compose your own school article theme or you can attempt to build up your very own subject and tell your own story.</p><p></p><p>So, there are fascinating things to find out about with regards to these points. You should simply to peruse the articles to check whether you can choose the great ones and select the best pieces of these points. You should simply to invest some additional energy and you can do incredible school paper themes. You can take the example on the Internet and transform it into an extra ordinary story to advise to the peruser and to give you additional bits of knowledge to the topic.</p><p></p><p>There are incredible paper themes to find out about in the Internet. For instance, you can find out about the Internet Marketing Success. This is an incredible exposition subject since it will assist you with seeing your impediments and figure out how to distinguish them and improve. You can utilize the standards of how the Internet showcasing industry functions and apply them to your business or to your life.</p><p></p><p>As you can see, there are various exposition points that can be utilized for school article subjects. It's in every case best to compose your own exposition or to utilize tests from different papers. It's in every case best to offer yourself the chance to improve your composing aptitudes. It's essential to set the most elevated conceivable norm, yet recall that being too hard will hurt your school and make them battle in college.</p>

Growth of The Ipod

Sample details Pages: 33 Words: 9763 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? The iPod is perhaps the most talked about technological product in recent times. It has set sales records that have lave literally destroyed the predictions of all analysts by superseding everyones expectations. The interesting issues concerning this topic is how the iPod impacted not only the digital music electronics industry, but was also responsible for the turnaround of a company on the brink of bankruptcy. It is this very fact that makes the growth and life cycle of iPod an experience in itself and one that creates a sense of wonder at its success. But how did all this come about and just why did the iPod do so well? These are questions that we look to find answers towards whilst shedding light on the internal pressures faced by the parent company Apple. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Growth of The Ipod | Business Dissertations" essay for you Create order The paper takes the reader through the history of the parent company Apple and its declining fortunes until the introduction of the iPod. This revolutionary innovation then dictated the pace at which the organisation was able to turn itself around to become one of the more successful computer companies in the world today. The report also looks at how Apple as a company defines itself with the onset of the iPod boom can it still call itself a computer company in the literal sense of the word or does it now see itself entering a diversified phase of business operations and hence, would need to re-think its overall business strategy and core competencies. The views of different writers expressed through the paper help in building an understanding of the pressures the company has undergone over the last decade and why it has taken the decisions that it has. The paper revolves around the growth of the iPod as the key driving force for all major business and technical decisions, it understand how it had to be re-modelled and adapted to the market needs and demands. The paper also paints the competitive landscape at different stages of the growth cycle and how this impacted or did not impact the iPod. Finally, the paper looks at the varying consumer tastes, the positives drawn from the product itself and what lies in store for the future of the product and the company. The methods used to create a deeper understanding of the iPod environment were through a variety of primary and secondary sources. Some of this is discussed in greater detail in different section of the paper. However, for the purpose of this report, the researcher took great care in trying to put together different pieces of work by various writers so as to be able to provide more holistic and all-encompassing view of the real scenario that surrounded the iPod boom. On a more generic note, most writers and experts within the industry agreed that the success of this product was unrivalled by others of its kind in recent times. Introduction Background Success stories always find their way to centre-stage. But what makes a journey even more interesting is when accompany that finds itself in some level of difficulty turns the tide and jump starts its engines to climb to the top of the success ladder. Apples is one such story. Whilst the problems that affect it lie in the background, the phenomenal success of its iPod has people fascinated. Marketing gurus swear by the growth of this innovative product that provided the perfect solution to a generation that was technologically familiar and defied competition to control every conceivable bit of the market that it entered the digital music space, and made it its own. How and why is what we attempt to discover. History The history of the iPod dates back to the January of 2001. Apple had just introduced iTunes a programme that enabled Accusers to burn music off audio CDs and convert them into music files on their computer systems as digital audio files. This provided users with the flexibility of creating libraries for their music files, clubbing favourite songs in order and in time to come, download them to portable devices. This natural extension saw the introduction of the iPod in the month of October 2001. Unlike other portable devices in the same range, the iPod was the first of its kind to store music files on a hard disk similar to a computer. Other devices used flash cards and detachable storage devices that could not hold as many bytes of data as the iPod did. Infect, the first few iPods had a 5GB storage space, which equated to the storage of approximately a 1000 songs. The question to be asked at this stage was if the software for writing music to the computer was developed keeping the iPod in mind? However, sources within the company maintain that the iPod was only conceptualised 6 months before its release date. Whatever the truth might be, the two scenarios complemented each other beautifully giving consumers the best of both worlds and a logical extension to the process of listening to music. In November 2001, the first iPods were shipped to waiting buyers and byte end of the year, 125,000 iPods had been sold for a price of $399.Within a year, other computer companies as well as large retailers were selling iPods as value-adds. Dell, Best Buy and Target were some of the more prominent names at this stage and had dedicated sites and sales teams pushing for iPod sales. By June 2003, Apple had managed to sell 1 million iPods, which could download music from both Macs as well as PCs. Interestingly, by the end of 2003, one of its largest resellers Dell; had decided not to sell anymore iPods and instead launch its own version of the iPod called the DJ(Digital Jukebox). In order to download songs from the Internet, Dell partnered with a company called Music Match that offered that service. By mid-2004, 6 months after it hit the 1 million mark, Apple crossed the 2 million mark in iPod sales but the peripheral market was just getting warmed up to the portable devices segment. In addition to thud by Dell, HP announced that it was repackaging the 4G iPod and selling it as a PC friendly device. Motorola launched its next generation phones that would be iTunes compatible. In one of the more recent statistics of the iPod wave collated in October 2004, there were some interesting findings. Apple held 82 per cent of the digital market across all music players and 92 per cent of all hard-disk based music players. The nearest competitor to the iPod was the device launched by Creative. They had a 3.7 per cent market share. In addition, 2 million iPods are being sold every 3 months. The music industry too has gained immensely through these sales. The total number of downloads have been clocked at a 150 million which equates to 4 million per week. The latest iPod has a mechanism that enables the storage of digital photographs as well as music. Today, Apple figures have registered total of 6 million iPod sales. Thats a fascinating growth path, which would make any marketing professional envious of replicating that kind of success. On careful consideration though, it took very long for iPod to really drive its sales figures to the kind that it was able to achieve in the years 2003 and 2004. Until then, the figures were good, but not something to write home about. The turning point for Apple came with the introduction of the third generation iPods. This is apparent since it took almost 2 years for iPod to register its first million in sales and soon after the launch of the 3G iPod in Tokyo less than 6months later; Apple was able to register its second million in iPod sales. Interestingly, the sales figures recorded over the 3-year period were averse to any form of competition from companies such as Creative, Dell, river etc. They sold cheaper products but not for a moment, did they encroach upon the market share that was and is still monopolised by iPod. Apple has also utilised an aggressive marketing strategy towrope in different age groups by using the draw of celebrities and song choices. For instance, in late October 2004, Apple unveiled what was called the U2 iPod. Apple conducted a promotion exercise in sync with the release of U2s song Vertigo. The new iPod was designed with black casing, a red wheel and a back cover that had the engravings ofU2 with the band signatures. It is little things such as these that have made the iPod such a role model for marketing strategists. The unique blend of having a great product and infusing the right level of awareness and visibility to sell it to the masses. In the chart below, the growth path of the iPod from its inception, to the end of 2004shows how sales surged in 2003 after the release of the 3G iPods as mentioned earlier. Not to mention, as the iPod sales soared, so did the number of downloads for music. Initially, the software iTunes needed tube bought in order to write songs from audio CDs to the computer, following which they could be downloaded to the iPod. In 2003, Apple introduced an online music store that enabled iPod users to download music directly from the Internet. This worked in 2 ways it provided users with an increase in choice of music that they would like to have downloaded as well as simplified the procurement of iTunes. No more dada user have to buy a software, install it onto the computer and then use it to burn music off a CD and finally onto the hard disk of the iPod. Simplifying this process for millions of users had its positives as can be seen from the graph above. The first big jump in sales was in October 2003 when the PC version of the music store went live. This enabled far more users to be able to download songs onto their computers and diluted the monopoly of Accusers. 2 months later, in December 2003, following a lot of media hype and attention being given to the iPod and a corresponding increase in Christmas sales, more and more people began downloading songs from iTunes. And in between July 2004 and October 2004, Apple registered growth of song sales from a 100 million to a 150 million. (https://www.ipodlounge.com/articles_more.php?id=4280_0_8_0_M) It must be noted that in many instances within the paper, the use of iPod and Apple is synonymous. After much deliberation, the researcher decided that it was important to approach the paper from the perspective of the parent company Apple. Any impact that the environment would have on Apple would be reflective in the iPod strategy. At the same time, in circumstances that would affect the company both positively and negatively, would subsequent effect the iPod and vice-versa. Aims and Objectives The aim of this paper is to understand the growth of the iPod through the years. It all began in the year 2001 and it has been a short journey to success. But how long will this be able to continue, what is the future for the product, how will it fend off competition and how will it impact Apple in the longer run. We all know that it has been apathy-breaking journey for Apple as it picks itself up from the doldrums of declining computer sales with its innovative invention that saw it spring back into the limelight. It is also the endeavour of this paper to highlight how important an impact the iPod has had on Apple alone and why cant other companys model the same success story. Literature Review The Success of the iPod According to Haddad, Charles (2002),the iPod is one of the most revolutionary products to hit the computer and electronics market place. He believes that the only way forward for Apple is to diversify its product range and move from being a niche computer manufacturer to providing technology that understands the gap between technology and entertainment. He quotes how the market share for Apple in 2002 had remained at 3 per cent for a number of years. In order to move it from there, it was imperative that they looked beyond the computer industry since it was reaching a saturation point in most developed markets and the level of competition from across the globe was making it extremely difficult for large computer manufacturers to survive. Digital handheld music players were a growing market in 2002. There were few players in the market place and industry experts such as ID Chad stated that demand would grow by 74 per cent over the next 3 years. In retrospect, they werent right but only because the demand has recorded triple digit growth since 2002. In addition, the anticipated sales for 2002 were pegged at 12 million units of all kinds of portable digital music devices. Haddad brings up an important point about how the level of competition within the digital handheld music products industry was still at a minimalistic stage in comparison to other industries where companies such as Microsoft and Intel who had taken over the PC market. He believed that the next generation of buyers were more interested in a product that was different, satisfied their requirements and at the same time, was cool and suave to have. Especially in the case of handheld devices where consumers would cart it around with them, this need for trendy and sophisticated gadgets was of the utmost importance. At the time of writing his article, Haddad had researched the iPod when music files were downloadable only from a Mac. The iPod sales were still consistent and looking positive during that stage but Apple had not introduced downloading files onto PCs at that stage. Once that happened, iPod sales grew dramatically. The iPod was never intended to lift the flailing computer business of the parent company but overtime, Haddad statements would hold good, as the iPod would grow to become one of the most successful products ever launched by a computer company. (Haddad, Charles, iPod, You Pod, Will We All Pod? Business Week Online; 7/3/2002) Teething problems with Strategy? With the degree of success that the iPod has seen over the years, there have been few instances that writers have been able to find a chink in the armour of this hugely successful product. One such writer is Salk ever, Alex (2004). In the first of his articles Apples slow boat to China, he discusses how the Chinese economy is one of the most lucrative investment decisions for businesses the world over and how Apple has failed to take advantage of this huge opportunity. He begins by using the views of consultants who have worked within the Chinese market place for decades now and seen it evolve over the years. He quotes Merrill Weingrod who works with a marketing consultancy China Strategies. When Salk ever asks Weingrod how lucrative the Chinese market is for product such as the iPod, he answers saying that the market potential for mens electric shavers is $300 million annually. Weingrod believed that the Chinese have the buying power to spend $200 to $250 on luxury shavers today which are not a necessity by any standing. This was just an indication of their mind-sets and how much they were willing to spend and for what. He reiterates this by stating that the Chinese population measures 300 million in terms of the number of cell phone subscribers across the country. They pay an average of $200 for their handsets and connectivity. In addition, the average Chinese employee earns far less than his / her American counterpart and yet, he / she is willing to pay larger proportion of their salary towards buying luxury goods. This equates to the buying potential and eagerness amongst the population and above all a prospective consumer. One who is constantly on the lookout for the infusion of luxury goods into the market so that he /she can go ahead and purchase it, provided there is a need of course. In addition, the Chinese economy is the fastest growing economy in the world with its GDP growth rate pegged at 9 per cent annually. It has one of the largest middle-class societies in the world with disposable income that is growing as fast as their growth rate. With every factor in the book of marketing pointing towards the Chinese market, Salk ever is dismayed at Apples strategy to stay out of this market and not undertake an aggressive marketing strategy that would tap its he potential. The only real steps that Apple has taken towards entering this economy is to ensure that iTunes Music software is downloaded onto every Manufactured by Chinas second largest computer manufacturer Founder Technology. It is an ironical decision considering the consumer who would purchase the machine would have little access to the iPod on which he could have downloaded his / her music. Besides this decision with the Chinese industry, Apple hasnt taken any more steps towards making any investment decisions in this region. There was one instance when they almost toyed with the idea of opening an iTunes Music Store but then retracted any steps made in that direction. The figures that Salk ever quotes are astounding to the reader. According to him, at least .3 present of the population of China has disposable income that equates to that of an individual in the US who would earn approximately $25000 to $30000 annually. That figure translates to approximately 60 million people today and will grow to 3to 4 times that number over the next decade. With the increasing middleclass and the ability to buy products that others around the world can afford, very soon the Chinese middle class would equal the entire population of the United States. So what do the Chinese see these new gadgets in the market place as? According to market analysts Bryan Mama company that tracks the buying of cell phones in Asia, but based in Singapore, the number of cell phones that are replaced are astounding. The Chinese people like to replace their cell phones 6 to 12 months earlier than consumers in North America and Western Europe. Gadgets are seen as a status symbol of sorts. Owning the latest models makes individuals feel like they are popular and wanted, according to the company. Chinese consumers also tend to go for gadgets that are sleek, suave and trendy. According to Salk ever those are the kinds of words that would define the iPod but they dont find any place in the market. He tries to look at the picture from Apples perspective. As a company, Apples strategy is to consolidate and preserve its position in the markets that it is strong in. In the bargain, it would not look to invest in new markets such as China. In fact, Apple has a miniscule presence across the entire length and breadth of Asia. If Japan is taken out of the equation, Apple draws less than 10 per cent of total sales from this region. Naturally, it is not an area of too much interest for the moment. Whilst Apple takes a back seat to proceedings in this region, competition in the form of Sony, Motorola and Creative have made inroads into the Chinese market. As an example, Motorola entered the Chinese handset market early and in the first quarter of2004, it was proud to declare that it has achieved a market share of 40per cent. It had the first movers advantage introducing a technology that few others were brave enough to take into this country many years back and today it has paid off. The Chinese market is known for its penetration problems. The researcher agrees with the insights that Salk ever has provided into this untapped region and understand the problems that Apple faces in the future lest it not take steps in this direction. The level of investment required at a later date where the market is abuzz with competition would be significantly higher. It makes completes sense for companies to invest in China at this stage and there is no reason why Apple should not be one of them. (Salk ever, Alex, Business Week Online; 7/22/2004) In another article by Salk ever albeit on a different issue, he adopts similar stand on the problems that will plague Apple. In his article, iPod: Leader, but Not Ruler, he states that the sales figures by Apple are either over-exaggerated or are inaccurate since there isnt enough evidence that the data being collated is validated. Apparently, data in countries in Latin America, India, South Korea, Eastern European Taiwan are difficult to validate and not easy to obtain. There are also other areas across Asia, including China where data retrieval and collation is not as accurate as it is made out to be. So when Apple boasts of global sales and achieving market shares across the world in excess of 50 per cent across the electronic market (MP3 players), they may very well be over the top. To evidence his findings, Salk ever looks at the various methods that companies use to collate market data that can be passed onto consumers and other business prospects. On one hand, they can utilise the services of US market research companies such as the NPD group that solely dedicates its efforts to the US retail economy. On the other hand, companies such as Apple can resort to asking OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturers) and component manufacturers how many pieces they are taking to the market place. Whatever may the case be, according to Salk ever, Apple doesnt quite have accurate information omits global market share. He confirms that Apple is certainly a global leader but not dominant. This could have been a very interesting report but the only flaw with his research is that he fails to document enough evidence either through statistics or through credible sources that can allow him to judge with some level of certainty that Apples iPods are infect facing tough times ahead. To be fair to Salk ever though, he does introduce the subject of the growing competition of iPods outside the borders of the US from Asian electronics companies. In the coming years, cheaper labour costs of the Asian companies will allow them to create inexpensive models of the iPod and compete on price aggressively. In addition, Salk ever states that the Asian consumers who are growing to the largest consumers of entertainment products, prefer smaller sized iPods. This is not in sync with Apples strategy since they plan to introduce larger and heavier models of the iPod in the coming few months. And even if iPod does take the cue and invests in smaller models in time, it would have lost outing comparison to other digital music manufacturers. But Salk ever does summarise his studies by admitting the dominance of iPod within the digital market place, yet cautions against rising competition and price sensitive market in the near future. (Salk ever, Alex (2004) Business Week Online; 5/ 27/2004) Curzon (2005) has an equally interesting point of view. He believes that the iPod boom would not be able to sustain the success that it has experienced for much longer. His rationale is based around stock prices and other statistics that he discovers about Apple which point towards changing tide in the coming years. Curzon promotes the concept that Apple as a company is on the decline once again and encourages people to sell their shares now since they would lose money in the coming few months lest they hang onto them. He begins by mentioning the usual success stories of the company the last 2 years have seen iPod sales rise more than twenty times from 219,000 units towards the end of 2002 to over 4 million units at the end of last year. In fact, Lehman Brothers had initially projected iPod sales to be approximately 3million units at the end of 2004. They had to revise their figures closer to the end of the year and pegged it again at 4 million units for the year 2004. Apple on the other hand clocked 4.5 million units for the year ending 2004, ahead of anybodys expectations. Another indication of the progressive rate of success is how the number of downloads from the iTunes rose from 50 million to 200 million. Finally, the biggest turnaround statistic lies in how the company almost went bankrupt after the dotcom era a decade ago and last year, recorded sales figures in excess of $3 billion with no debt on their financial statements. What makes very interesting reading is how Ken Curzon describes the decline in the demand of iPods and correspondingly, with the parent company as well. He states that after the Christmas rush for buying iPods, in all probability consumers will not be willing to spend as much money on it. As he puts it Holiday shoppers are more enthusiastic about higher prices, but once the holiday season ends, they usually dont like to spend money on products that are priced at a premium. In keeping with the same, Curzon predicts that in the first few months of 2005, the rate at which consumers buy iPods would drop gradually at first and then, more drastically later in the year. Lehman Brothers too have declared that they expect a 14 per cent drop in sales figures over the course of the year. In another case, Curzon talks about how on one hand, the sales of iPods have certainly been increasing in conjunction with an increase in market share, but the parent company Apple has seen a decline in its market share from 2 per cent to 1.9 per cent. The Apple Stores are an over-riding success because of the iPod and its driving consumers tithe stores. But although the number of footfalls across these stores has doubled, the number of consumers buying Apple PCs has remained constant. Additionally, Apples revenue figures in comparison to other computer companies are very average. For a company that is on the biggest ride of its business life, it records a growth rate of 33 present in comparison to HPs 29 per cent. And what makes this look more dismal according to Curzon is that the operating margins for the previous year were declared at 3.94 per cent. This was far lower in comparison to HPs 5.2 per cent and Dells 8.56 per cent. (Curzon, Ken, Esquire; Mar 2005, Vol. 143 Issue 3, p1 12) Somehow, Curzon does shed light on certain statistics that project Apples performance in a questionable light but on closer observation, it appears that the facts have been manipulated to project a negative perspective to the progress of Apple. The researcher believes this tube the case since there are many individuals who constantly try and influence the market forces through published writing such as this to ultimately try and manipulate the performance of the stocks. For every negative statement that Curzon was able to highlight, there appears tube an equally positive explanation for the same. For instance, decline in market share by .1 per cent is not necessarily a negative impact on the company. It depends on the marketing strategy of the company is it trying to move out of certain markets and invest in others. Additionally, in saturated market places such as the US, any form of product diversification would have an impact on the market share as well. So there are considerations that need to be taken before any conclusions can be made. At the same time, the researcher believed it important to include Curzons work since it was one of the most recent articles on the iPod that sounded warning bells and tries to get the reader to see the success story from a different perspective. So where exactly is Apple headed towards now? According to Murphy(2004), a significant contribution of Apples success can be attributed to the iPod and hence, any future success parameters would also be defined by the iPod. The competition amongst the computer industry is very intense with players such as Microsoft for software, Dell, HP undim for hardware and a host of other system integrators and competitive channel partners. Due to a diminishing market share as mentioned earlier of under 2 per cent, the total business worth of the company has fallen to half that of its sales revenue. The only light in this dark tunnel is the fact that the stock price at Apple has almost doubled over the past 2 years. But can the parent company depend on single product offering and expect to piggyback ride it all the way tithe bank? Its not possible says Murphy. There will come a time in the near future when sales of iPods begin to decline, competitive forces take over with lower priced products and existing markets begin to get saturated. Some of these products would come from companies such as HP,Dell, Sony, Creative, Gateway and Rio, each offering a product that is significantly cheaper and has greater memory storage in comparison tithe iPod. For instance, Creative has launched a new product that also has a longer battery life and also has white earplugs similar to those of Apple, taking a leaf out of Apples trendy design. At the same time, it has been seen that consumers have complained about the lack of availability of iPods in the stores. And to make matters worse, Apple hasnt been able to confirm a deadline by when they would be made available. Times will change gradually. As Murphy mentions the pricing of the iPods over time will fall significantly and Apple would need to sell more and more iPods just to maintain the revenue figures. For instance, there is an assumption based on pricing that Apple would need to sell at least 20 per cent more iPods in the coming year to be able to sustain the same level of growth over the year. This should not be a problem currently considering growth is predicted to rise to 70 per cent but in time, this could certainly become an issue. If looked at differently, Murphy argues that falling prices of products are fine as long as business efficiencies were rising. 4 years ago, when the sales figures of Apple were 4 per cent higher than they are today, the operating profits of the company were at 9 per cent of total sales. Today, that figure has come down to 3 per cent. In addition, the number of employees added over the past 4 years has gone up by 32 per cent and the sale per employee has sig nificantly decreased from $930,000 to$674,000. For apple to be able to sustain its growth and maintain a leading position in the market place, it cannot depend wholly on the iPod revolution. Its notebooks and desktop products account for 64 per cent of its current sales as a company. But except for the month of June that recorded a 14 per cent increase in revenues, the rest of the year remained much the same in terms of sales. This is worrying for Apple since it doesnt have too many back up measures to fall on should they land in trouble. To tackle some of this problem, Apple had introduced a series of Apple stores across the US, UK and parts of Western Europe. These stores hosted the latest introductions by the company including all models of the iPod and its peripherals. The rationale lay in ensuring that consumers would walk into these stores with the excuse of looking at the iPods and at the same time, browse around and take look at the range of other Apple products as well. Unfortunately though, this move didnt bring in the kind of sales that Apple management had predicted. When Apple was asked about this stagnancy that was creeping into their product lines, they said that 50 per cent of all buyers at their new stores that they have introduced are new consumers and they propose to build relationships through their product quality and peripherals and increase their market share of repeat buyers. Interestingly, Murphy is one of the only writers on this subject who believes that the main fault of Apples moderate performance lies with its CEO Steve Jobs. Over the course of its business history, Apple has always ensured that its software configures only with its hardware and no others. For instance, the Mac operating system can only be run on Mac computers. In comparison, the Windows Operating systems can be used on a variety of different hardware systems making it a more universally accepted operating system. The time for niche solutions in not the way forward. Apple must realise that the money lies in the numbers and they can in no way get to those numbers by limiting access to their software. It really is a Catch-22 situation for them. In much the same way, the iPod can only play music that has been downloaded from iTunes. What happens when the iTunes faces intense competition from other music download software companies in the near future? Are we saying that the iPod would only have limited access to music and perhaps, not the entire range of music that other companies would be able to offer? These are areas that the parent company has to look into and take a serious note of. Interestingly, in July 2004, Real Networks introduced a new music download software that allowed iPod users to download from their site. This had totally confused the Apple technical team, as they never planned for such an eventuality. Today, they are looking at whether they can take legal action against them. Whichever way it pans out, these were the first signs of competition, which were beginning to creep in. (Murphy, Victoria, Forbes; 9/6/2004, Vol. 174 Issue 4, p54) iPod accessories a new industry Since 2002, the iPod has come a long way both as a product as well as brand. Apple has been able to provide consumers with a highly developed product that makes it user friendly and trendy. The first few iPods had basic functionality and storage capacity of up to 5GB. In time, both storage as well as functionality of the iPod has been greatly enhanced. For instance, towards the end of October 2004, just prior to the Christmas season, Apple launched two new models the iPod Photo and the U2 iPod. The new U2 iPod was a smart and branded iPod that carried the U2 engraving on the back casing. It was black in colour with a redial. For its launch, the CEO Steve Jobs ensured that in conjunction with the media release, U2 performed its song Vertigo at the event in addition to other high profile performers and fanfare. On the other hand, the new iPod Photo was to incorporate a storage capacity of up to60GB. In addition to the storage for photos, it also has 20GB storage for music downloads and is available in a different version with a 40GBstorage capacity. In addition, this month also saw the introduction of the Music Store across the European Union in countries such as Greece, Austria, Italy, Luxembourg, Belgium, Finland, Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. At this stage, iTunes represented 72 per cent of all music downloads whilst the iPod industry was pegged at 65 per cent of the total portable music industry. (Banerjee, Scott, The New Apple Crop, Billboard; 11/6/2004, Vol. 116 Issue 45, p8) At the very beginning, the researcher was under the impression that the growth of iPod has a bearing on its parent company Apple. Whilst thesis certainly true, it is important to understand that the growth of iPod has been revolutionary to the extent that it has in fact, impacted the business community that has been associated with it as well as companies that might have similar business interests. With reference to this subject, Levine, Robert (2004) discusses how the iPod had triggered off a business need for peripherals. It has become an industry of its own the iPod peripheral industry. The accessory market is thriving on the sales growth of the iPod and companies of all shapes and sizes are spearheading innovation within this field, across the globe. As Levine describes the consumer mentality through examples the iPod has evolved into an entire musical experience. Consumers want to take this little gadget everywhere they go with them into their cars, homes, at work and just about everywhere they can. The demand for such luxuries has companies finding solutions such as plug-in adapters into car cigarette lighters, wireless transmitters that enable FM radio access, purse designers that can store iPods and other such peripherals. Companies such as Monster cabling systems and Belk in were among the first few to tap into the iPod accessories market. To provide some understanding on the size of the iPod ecosystem, Eric Tong, the Vice President for Marketing of Belk in states that for when iPod sales hit 4 million, accessory sales registered sales of approximately 2.7million. That amounts to almost three fourths of all iPod users having some form of accessory. Along the same lines, with accessories priced between $20 and $200, the mat h equates to the size of the iPod ecosystems as a $75 million market. Levine also dwells into why the accessory market is so popular with the sale of iPods. According to him, the single most popular reason is that the product fits naturally with any accessories that make it user-friendlier. For instance, initially iPods were only confined to listeners who required using the portable like a Walkman. Over time, demands for usage across the spectrum of their daily lives became necessity and new innovative methods were discovered. When consumers wanted to carry their song lists into their cars or into their offices or wanted to download music on the move from the Internet or listening to the radio in conjunction with their recorded songs each provided the motivation for companies to step in with new and innovative accessories. Interestingly though, the first accessory forth iPod was introduced by Apple itself. During the initial phased of test marketing the iPod, the CEO of Apple, Steve Jobs and other employees of Apple were unhappy with the quality of sound from the iPod when plugged into a stereo system. This drove the employees to try and utilise an audio cable from the Monster cabling company and they found that the audio output was far superior. 3 days before the final launch of the product, the company took a decision to sell Monster audio cables as an accessory to the iPod so that users could connect it to their stereo systems. Today, Monster sells $14 million worth of iPod accessories from wireless transmitters for users to connect to the radio to other forms of audio cables for different purposes. (Levine, Robert1, Profiting From the iPod Economy, Business 2.0; Oct2004, Vol. 5 Issue 9, p47) The parent company So how do all these additives to the iPod environment impact the success and future of the parent company Apple? In a paper by Slender(2005), he discusses how over the years, Apple has moved away from its image as a contemporary computer manufacturer to becoming amulet-diversified company in areas of computing, software, electronics and music. Its one of the many companies that were adversely affected by the burst in the dot com bubble and has over time, picked up the pieces and found new ways to reinvent itself to make it one of the more successful companies within its industry. To highlight precisely this, Steve Jobs, the CEO of Apple declared this January (2005) that the company had posted its highest turnover and profits ever in its 28-yearhistory with the sales of 4.6 million iPods within the last year alone. In another article by Hawkins, Tom (2005), he reiterates the above success of the iPod and how it was instrumental in the success of turning around the fortune of the parent company Apple. As he puts it, by the end of 2004, the iPod sales had seen a 525 per cent increase in year-on-year sales with the trend continuing through 2005 with the introduction of new products such as the iPod shuffle and Ilife05.Overall sales for Apple were pegged at 3.49 billion for the last quarter of 2004 with profits of $249 million that totalled more than the rest of the year put together. The primary reason for this was the lead up to the Christmas season and the iPod being the most popular Christmas gift for 2004. (Hawkins, Tom, Printing World; 1/20/2005, Vol. 291 Issue 3, p16) Burrows (2004) writes about how not only has the iPod had a direct impact on the sales of the larger parent company, but the parent company has also used the iPod to further its computer sales. In an interesting move, towards the end of 2004, Apple introduced fascinating machine called the iMac G5. It was especially interesting since users of the machine found some remarkable similarities to the iPod. The only question that was to be asked at this stage was if the company could duplicate the success of the iPod with this range of computers. That would certainly be next to impossible but it was certainly a start. It has been noticed that with the success of the iPod, there has been a fresh impetus given to the marketing of Apples range. It is an idea that seems to be achieving some degree of success. When the CEO was asked about this strategy, he replied Our primary objective is to ensure that we make the best PCs in the world. Our secondary objective is to make a little profit so that we ensure that we keep making some wonderful machines. Albeit a little modest, his analysis sums up the upbeat attitude of the organisation and its people. (Burrows, Peter, Apple is looking juicier, Business Week; 10/11/2004 Issue 3903, p55) Slender goes onto to reiterate that in interviews with the Apple chief Steve Jobs, he discovered that Apple wasnt doing too many things differently to fuel this wave of success. Steve Jobs claims that over time, technology and entertainment have converged throwing up different needs and demands by consumers. This convergence came to Apples doorsteps being a technology company and all they supposedly did was to take advantage of it through their creativity and innovation. But all these changes have also had a dramatic impact on the main core business of Apple. For the first time in four years, the company sold over a million Macs in a single quarter. So, it has been smooth sailing on more than just one frontier for the parent company. It is also interesting how Apple has diversified its portfolio of solutions that it takes to the market place. As a company, much of its success can be attributed to its flexibility and willingness to change and adapt tithe different demands of the customers. Today, it can no longer be called a computer company in the literal sense of the word. It is a diversified business that is adapting to market needs and is being driven by demand. Its product portfolio ranges from computers to software, music to online entertainment and music stores, networking for its product range and entertainment products etc. It can almost be called a retailer of sorts providing a variety or product and service deliverables. In order to encourage this retail growth, Apple has introduced to the market, 100 Apple Stores that encompass the unique Apple experience showcasing the entire range of its products. Where will all this diversification finally take Apple? To the layman, it appears that staying ahead of the competition through technological innovation and advances is the way forward. Steve Jobs however disagrees during his interview with Slender. He states that it is next to impossible for a company to stay ahead of its competition purely on ensuring that it has the most advanced technology that it can introduce to the marketplace. It is imperative that the driving force behind a company lies in a core competency that its simpler and more basic. In keeping with the same, Jobs says that Apples main strength lies in its development of software for multivariate products. In the future, he sees Apple providing software as a solution to integrate various applications and ensures connectivity and homogeneity across products. He highlights by taking the example of iTunes. As we know, it provides the software for converting all audio files into downloadable files onto the PC or Mac and finally the iPod. What is interesting is that 62 per cent of all music downloads on the Internet today is through the iTunes Music Store. That is a significant proportion of total downloads where all benefits get accrued directly to Apple Inc. This is why the software is the key as Jobs is wont to say. (Slender, Brent (2005) How big can Apple get? Fortune; 2/21/2005, Vol. 151 Issue 4, p66) Methodology The study was undertaken through the collation of information through both primary and secondary means. Due to the constraint of time, the distribution of questionnaires were not an option, although it would have helped in understanding the benefits and problems that iPod users face with different models of the iPods. Instead, primary research was carried out with the help of one to one interviews with a selected few iPod users on an informal basis to gain an insight into what they believed buying an iPod did for them. As a last resort, one to one discussions were also conducted with users of iPods through forums on the Internet. However, one could not establish for certain if the sample interviewed were indeed genuine owners of the iPod. The information used from these discussions was carefully evaluated before they could be sued within the context of the paper. Secondary information was primarily gained through articles and journals written on the growth of the iPods. Being a relatively new success story, most of the work that was found existed in journals endpapers written by students from across the world. In addition, the Internet has a number of articles that talk about both the strengths as well as the weaknesses of the iPod. The Apple website and dedicated sites linked to the iPod were also of great help with statistical information on the history and growth of the iPod. For analysis needs however, they werent used since the research would have been diluted in its efforts since it could have been making assumptions on biased information. Information on the iPod and its growth were mainly present in more recent reports and journals since it was introduced in the United States only 3 years back and launched in the UK as late as last year. Additionally, industry trade journals were used to collate data and statistics on the growth of the iPod and the parent company Apple as well. In the researchers experience, information that was analysed on the iPod was more current than most other subjects in world business today. This made it more interesting as the time elapsed between the analysis and the actual status of the iPod within the growth cycle was nearly concurrent and yet at the same time, made it more difficult than usual to thread together different strands of information that happened to contradict or agree with each other over different time intervals. For instance, reports and articles written in the year 2002 and who believed that the iPod would not do as well as expected in the coming years would contradict with actual published information in 2004 showing an extremely successful product. This makes it difficult to piece together since the researcher needs to first introduce the work of the writer in 2002 and then explain the contradiction in 2004. In addition, it also makes the research repetitive at times which the researcher was careful to avoid. For instance, when an article in 2003details the success that the iPod would undergo in the coming year and an article in 2004 actually highlights that same success since it appears as published data, the final piece of research can look repetitive. To guard against this, the researcher collated all strands of information that were available, outlined them according to their datelines and relevance, and finally introduced them to the text being aware of repetitions and contradictions that would arise later in the text. As mentioned earlier, questionnaires werent used due to time constraints, but in the case of future research, there are some crucial questions that should address some of the following issues: The degree of price-sensitivity of the consumer towards the iPod this would dictate how Apple would enter future markets, what their priorities would be, the level of competition they would experience from the inexpensively priced products manufactured in the Asian economies etc. The problems associated with the product this would enable the company to eradicate any bugs that it may experience at this early stage before they entrench themselves in the global market place. Interview consumers in the developing markets China, India and other Asian economies that are taking to technology very easily hold the key to the future prospects in the global market place. Understand the consumer perception of competitive products. With the increased level of competition in the market place, future successes of Apple would largely be attributed to the level of intelligence that they undertake on competition and other variables in the microeconomic environment. The greater the intelligenc e and the more accurate the information that they base their decisions on, the greater the probability of success. Technological advances By taking customer feedback into consideration, by understanding the issues that they would like resolved and by aligning those issues to solutions through the use of technology would ensure that Apple is able to grow the product and it has a sustained and lengthy life-cycle. Ideally, questions posed to samples being studied should be both objective to achieve clarity in the collation process as well as involve a degree of subjectivity that would help reaffirm conclusions inferred from analysis that would be conducted on the findings. Finally, it is imperative that questionnaires are conceptualised in such a way that they allow the smooth flow of data into intelligent information. For instance, many researchers fail to collect the demographics of the interviewees. When analysing information, if information can be placed under different headings such as age groups, gender, locations etc., more meaningful information can be obtained through the patterns that emerge as a result. Results and Analysis Through the course of the paper, we have seen experts in the industry provide both positive insights as well as criticism about the iPod and its surrounding environment. There are certainly worries that Apple might be leaning too heavily on the success of the iPod to carry it through to a point where the company as a whole is more stable. At the same time, one of the more subtle but important points to note is the lack of investment by Apple in the developing economies in China, India and other Asian economies with the exception of Japan. What happens in that region remains to be seen but the next wave of competition is in all likelihood, going to come from this direction. On the other hand, there are some hugely positive aspects that can be taken from the success of the iPod and Apple as a company. As Burrows(2004) projects his findings Apple is leveraging the brand equity and the halo effect of the iPod to propel sales within its Mac segment. This is evident in the management decision to use the tag line to sell iMacs as From the makers of the iPod. With over 4.5 million iPod users today and that number steadily rising, even if a fraction of that population is influenced into buying a Mac, that is a very good option to be exercised and the management seems to have gotten it right. In addition, Apple has launched almost a 100 news stores across various continents that showcase the entire range of products that Apple has to offer. With the increasing popularity of the iPod, the number of footfalls within these stores will only increase and so will the corresponding level of prospective consumers. In addition, Apple needs to continue to provide technologically advanced products that are both reliable and high on quality something for which they are known for, both in terms of their software as well as their hardware. In keeping with the same, they have launched the PowerBook notebook and the iBook, again a notebook specifically being aimed at college students and young professionals. This focus of Notebooks by Apple has been initiated from market studies that show the industry demand for Notebooks to rise 3 times as fast as desktops in the coming few years. To top this, the Apple operating system is considered both by consumers as well as IT experts as being far superior to the Windows system by Microsoft. It is also less susceptible to attacks by hackers. The next upgrade of the Windows operating system is scheduled to come out only next year in 2006,giving Apple the opportunity to tap into the market for all of 2005with its superior OS. Apple is also sticking to its guns when it comes to premium pricing. It believes that it has a product, which is far superior to others in the market place and hence prices it higher. This kind of strategy has come in for a lot of criticism by industry experts and they feel that being niche player, the volumes would never justify the margin on sales. The problem with the computer market today is that it has become commodity-based market. And one of the main culprits for this are system integrators and companies such as Dell who are under-cutting competition by staging price wars. There have been very few companies who have been able to keep pace with this onslaught and most are finding it increasingly expensive to maintain their market share, leave alone expanding it. In this regards, Steve Jobs has made the right decision to offer quality products as this differentiates the product offering within the marketplace. It provides it an identity one that is based on quality and reliability. The key to Apples success will be how quickly it will be able to keep pace with technological advances and supply its consumers with products that are ahead of its competition. This also stands good for the iPod too. In the months to come, the iPod will witness a surge of inexpensive players with greater memory capacity and additional features as well. Apple must ensure that it expands its range of products strategically to locations beyond where it operates in at the moment. Take for instance; iPods that are being phased out in the US can easily be introduced in both South American and Asian economies at lower costs to compete with local competition. Similar strategies will ensure that the iPod continues along its success path. Conclusions Recommendations The iPod story has been one that has caused ripples across the digital industry. We have seen during the course of the report how successful the product has been with very few disclaimers that the product hasnt lived up to expectations. It has been after all, simple formula, an age-old marketing mantra Create a product or service that provides a solution to the demands of the consumer and it will be a success. That is precisely what Apple was able to achieve. With every success story, there is a defining point where a business is given a window of an opportunity that can manifest itself into large gains. Thats is precisely what Apple managed to do It was perhaps one of the only companies that understood the turning point where technology converged with entertainment and provided a solution that the market was screaming out for. On one hand, there were computers, which were feeding off the Internet for music and pictures, and other form of downloads. On the other hand, there was an entire generation of music lovers who wanted a way to carry their music with them and not limit themselves to a few audio CDs. The iPod was the bridge that brought both these attributes together and gave the consumer what is was asking for. Hence, it succeeded. But what really captures the minds of the marketing professional is the calculated precision with which the iPod has been introduced to the market and then, sustained its presence as a market leader for so many years. The future is bound to be different, as we all know. There is competition creeping in ever closer with every passing year and there is the possibility of more advanced technologies that would be user-friendlier being introduced. In addition, we have seen from the variety of sources that the iPod is particularly strong in selective markets the US, Western Europe and Japan. But there will soon come a time when these markets would be plagued with competition and it would become increasingly expensive for Apple to retain its market share. This becomes a case of putting all your eggs in one basket or in this case three baskets (US, Western Europe Japan). It is important that Apple look at taking the iPod to markets where there is both, an active demand as well as markets where they can build demand. The future across most global markets is a picture where they play host toe number of Asian companies that are out-manoeuvring competition through price-wars. Apple cannot afford to sit out this war and look at entering the markets later in the life cycle. It must enter the large economies of India, China, Taiwan, South Korea etc. with a vengeance and make an imprint with its brand equity. But it isnt fair to start talking about the decline of the iPod. One merely states the obvious as a word of caution since the time forth tide to change is still very distant. For the time being and in the near future, the iPod is burning its path across the industry setting new records through unprecedented sales eating up the market place as it moves from country to country.